تدريب Shadowing: The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS unit 7 following a lecture or talk - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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Recording 27 Good morning, everyone.
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My name is John, and I'm a paleontologist.
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Now, when most people hear that, they immediately get an image of an old professor studying dried-up dinosaur bones, or else they think of a great adventurer from the movies.
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Well, I'm neither.
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But I would like to talk to you today about how I came to be a paleontologist
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and the reason I believe it is an important job.
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All my life, my main interest has been the environment.
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So I actually started out as an ecology student.
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As part of my degree course, I had to do a unit on extinction
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and a lecturer visiting from another university gave us a talk on Australia's extinct animals.
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One of the animals he talked about was called the diprotodon.
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It's an ancestor of the modern Australian wombat.
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He described this enormous animal crossing ancient lakes, getting stuck in the mud and becoming part of the fossil record,
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which is what we call the preserved remains of animals and plants that we find.
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And I was fascinated.
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So fascinated that I immediately changed courses.
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But paleontology isn't all easygoing.
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The very first field trip I went on was pretty awful.
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We went to an outback fossil site and we were digging in extreme conditions.
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I've learned since that that's pretty standard for work like this.
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But to make matters worse, after five days I'd found nothing.
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I was getting really disheartened and I was starting to regret my decision when, on the last day of the trip,
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I was digging into the bank of an ancient dried up riverbed and found a funny looking piece of rock.
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Inside it was a tooth from a giant kangaroo.
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Finding that one fossil made me realise that this was a field I really wanted to continue working in.
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Recording 28 1 I don't really understand why you contacted Professor Higgins.
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He has nothing to do with our faculty.
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Well, we wanted to understand what impact an invention like this would have on the environment.
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and that's his area of expertise.
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2. First of all, we put video cameras in the animals' cages.
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Yes, and then we put various tools inside the cages and let the animals back in.
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We video-recorded them over seven days and nights to see what they would do with the tools.
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3. After gathering all of our data, we looked at the results.
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We realised that the number of frogs in this area had actually increased over the last ten years, rather than declined.
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Four.
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So what does that all show?
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Well, I think we can deduce from this that any development in this area should be halted
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until the animals have all been safely removed.
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Recording twenty-nine.
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What I appreciate most about my work is the fact
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that I can turn the fossils I find into information we can actually use.
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So, how do we extract that information?
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Well, first we need to run the fossil through a special machine.
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That gives me a date for the fossil.
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From then on, I begin to work out what type of animal it was, what it ate, and how it interacted with the landscape.
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Earlier this year, I was lucky enough to be awarded a grant from a government funding body.
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Paleontology isn't only about the past.
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It can help with current issues too.
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For example, I plan to use these funds to excavate new areas
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and try to find out how ancient creatures evolved during their own period of climate change, just as animals today have to.
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In another project, I'm going to study fossil collections that are housed in museums around Australia.
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I'm doing that to try to find out when Australia's megafauna became extinct.
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That is, all the giant mammals, lizards and birds.
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That will help us to finally find out what caused these extinctions.
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Was it nature or was it humans?
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Recording 30.
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1. We've recently been doing some research involving mice.
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We were trying to find out what causes the cells in our body to age.
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Is it linked to diet or exercise?
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What we found was that if we allowed the mice no exercise, their cells deteriorated fairly rapidly,
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giving them a prematurely old body.
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The mice that did exercise showed less change in their cell structure, and so seemed younger.
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2. We've known for decades that pigeons can navigate using the Earth's magnetic field as a sort of compass.
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What we don't know is how this works.
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In our research, we discovered that the pigeon's brain receives a signal from its middle ear
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that the brain then processes to determine both their direction and the strength of the magnetic field.
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Previously, it had been thought that it was the bird's beak that held the answer, but this has since been proven false.
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السياق والخلفية
في الفيديو، يشارك المتحدث، جون، وهو عالم أحافير، رحلته الشخصية وعشقه لهذا المجال. يتحدث عن بداياته كطالب في علم البيئة وكيف قادته محاضرة حول الحيوانات المنقرضة إلى اتخاذ قرار تغيير تخصصه إلى علم الأحافير. هذا الكلام ليس مجرد سرد لأحداث، بل هو دعوة لاستكشاف الجوانب المختلفة للطبيعة وأهمية فهم الماضي لتوجيه المستقبل. يوضح أيضًا كيفية تأثير تجاربه في الميدان على نظرته للعمل وكيف يمكن للأبحاث في علم الأحافير أن تسهم في فهم قضايا بيئية معاصرة.
أفضل 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي
- Good morning, everyone. - صباح الخير، جميعًا.
- I believe it is an important job. - أعتقد أنها وظيفة مهمة.
- My main interest has been the environment. - كانت اهتماماتي الرئيسية هي البيئة.
- Finding that one fossil made me realise. - جعلني العثور على ذلك الحفرية أدرك.
- I plan to use these funds. - أنوي استخدام هذه الأموال.
دليل خطوة بخطوة لتقنية التظليل
إذا كنت ترغب في تحسين مهاراتك في اللغة الإنجليزية، فإن طريقة التظليل في الإنجليزية تعتبر من أبرز الأساليب الفعالة. إليك كيف يمكنك تطبيقها أثناء مشاهدة الفيديو:
- استمع جيدًا: ابدأ بمشاهدة الفيديو واستمع بعناية لكلمات المتحدث. حاول أن تفهم الرسالة العامة.
- كرر العبارات: بعد الاستماع، قم بإيقاف الفيديو وكرر العبارات التي سمعتها. استخدم shadow speech لتقليد نبرة الصوت وإيقاع الكلام.
- تحليل النص: انظر إلى المعاني وراء الكلمات والعبارات. حاول فهم السياق الذي تستخدم فيه.
- التسجيل: قم بتسجيل صوتك وأنت تقوم بتظليل المتحدث. استمع إلى التسجيل وقارن بين أدائك وأداء المتحدث.
- تكرار العملية: كرر هذه الخطوات حتى تشعر بالراحة مع العبارات والمصطلحات الجديدة. كلما كان لديك المزيد من الممارسة، زادت ثقتك في التحدث.
باستخدام هذه الخطوات البسيطة، يمكنك أن تصبح أكثر اتقانًا في الإنجليزية من خلال shadow speak. استمتع بتجربة التعلم، ولا تنسى أن كل ممارسة تساعدك في التحسن.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.