تدريب Shadowing: What If Exoplanets Replaced Our Solar System? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

Today, we're bringing distant exoplanets closer to home.

⏸ متوقف مؤقتاً

السرعة:

269 جمل

إذا كانت الجمل قصيرة أو طويلة جدًا، انقر على Edit لتعديلها.

Today, we're bringing distant exoplanets closer to home.

How much closer?

Well, we're moving them right into our Solar System.

We'll start with TRAPPIST-1e.

TRAPPIST-1e is a terrestrial planet,

just a little smaller than Earth.

Back in its star system,

41 light years away, this world orbits extremely close to its star.

But it's okay because that star is tiny.

Yeah, Trappist-1, that's the star,

is smaller, redder, and way colder than our Sun.

It's classified as an ultra-cool dwarf star.

Nice.

The distance between TRAPPIST-1e and its star is only about 3% the distance between Earth and the Sun.

And that's actually within the habitable zone of this tiny star, TRAPPIST-1.

Now, when we were deciding where to move TRAPPIST-1e into our solar system,

we thought placing it as close to the Sun as possible would be a great move.

But not at the same distance as it orbits its own star now,

because at 0.03 astronomical units,

our Sun would crisp this world up like a piece of burnt toast.

No, we're going to find a cozy spot for TRAPPIST-1e in the orbit of Mercury.

The orbit of Mercury is about 0.4 astronomical units from the Sun. That means

that TRAPPIST-1e would be orbiting the Sun 13 times further away than it orbited its own star back in its star system.

But the Sun is bigger and hotter than TRAPPIST-1,

so even in this faraway orbit,

TRAPPIST-1e would be getting a lot more sunlight.

The surface temperature on this alien planet would jump to extreme levels, too.

And this heat wouldn't take long to hit TRAPPIST-1e.

No, this planet would become scorching in a matter of days.

And within years, well, whatever water might be contained on this planet would boil away.

So if we're thinking in terms of habitability,

that's bad news for TRAPPIST-1e.

Habitability-wise, back in its own star system,

TRAPPIST-1e is the most promising of all its TRAPPIST neighbors.

Yeah, it has six rocky planetary neighbors.

Some of those planets are boiling hot,

too hot for any life to exist on them,

and some are frozen worlds. But TRAPPIST-1e?

Kind of rocks.

It's right in the habitable zone.

It's got an atmosphere, land, lakes, and oceans.

It even has similar gravity to Earth's.

TRAPPIST-1e is no doubt our best candidate for Earth 2.0.

Or at least it was before we moved it into Mercury's orbit.

Now any hope we had to make this planet our home away from home would be gone.

The cool thing is, in Mercury's orbit,

you'd be able to see it from Earth.

Yeah, it would be a dot in the sky,

but a bigger and brighter dot than Mercury.

Even without a telescope, it would appear as a bright star.

Another piece of good news is

that placing an exoplanet 2.4 times larger than Mercury in that orbit wouldn't cause significant gravitational damage to our solar system.

It might nudge Venus slightly,

but that would take thousands of years.

So yeah, bad news for TRAPPIST-1e,

but not so bad for you on Earth.

Hey, now that this exoplanet is so close,

you can finally land on it.

Or really land on whatever was left of this once possibly habitable world.

Now, to make things a little fairer for TRAPPIST-1e,

we should place it closer to Earth's orbit,

like in the asteroid belt.

The asteroid belt is this region of space between Mars and Jupiter.

It has millions of asteroids in it.

But unlike in Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back,

these asteroids aren't closely packed together.

The average distance between them is around 1 million kilometers, 600,000 miles.

There's plenty of space for TRAPPIST-1e.

But the asteroid belt is 2.5 times further from the Sun than Earth is.

So in this position TRAPPIST-1e would only get 16% of the sunlight that we get here on Earth.

Once again, bad news for this exoplanet.

It would quickly lose all its heat and turn into a frozen wasteland.

All of its water would become locked into water ice.

At this point, it would no longer be Earth 2.0.

It would be a new Mars.

If TRAPPIST-1e did have any hint of life, it would be obliterated.

Unless that life was beneath the surface and could adapt to this sudden climate change.

But here's where things get interesting for our solar system.

A planet almost as large as Earth in the asteroid belt?

Would not be good for you.

Okay, at first it would be business as usual,

but over millions of years,

TRAPPIST-1e would yank asteroids out of their orbits.

Its gravitational effect would grow,

and millions of years later,

it would start disturbing the orbits of Mars and Earth.

Even worse, it might start affecting Jupiter's orbit.

And when that giant of a planet shifts orbit,

well, the entire Solar System is in danger.

Yeah, even a slight shift in Jupiter's orbit would affect all the inner planets.

It might even send Mercury crashing into the Sun.

But that would take billions of years,

so nothing to worry about for now.

Okay, clearly TRAPPIST-1e would have no luck in either of these orbits,

and placing it too close to Earth would be dangerous for our planet.

So let's try moving another exoplanet,

Kepler-442b, into one of our spare rooms.

Kepler-442b is a heavy weight of rocky planets.

It's 1.3 times the size of Earth and packs 2.3 times our planet's mass.

100

It's like Earth on steroids,

101

or as scientists call it, a super-Earth.

102

Now one moment it's orbiting its cool orange dwarf star,

103

1200 light years away, minding its own business,

104

and the next moment it's teleported to our solar system.

105

But where do we put it?

106

Well, back in its own star system,

107

where Kepler-442b is the one and only rock,

108

it happens to orbit its star's habitable zone.

109

But that star, Kepler-442, is a K-type star,

110

which is cooler and dimmer than our Sun, a G-type star.

111

So, 442's habitable zone is way closer.

112

If we replaced our Sun with Kepler-442,

113

that would place Mercury in the habitable zone,

114

and Venus would be just outside of it.

115

But we're not replacing the Sun here.

116

We're just placing Kepler-442b at about 0.5 astronomical units from the Sun.

117

Yeah, a bit closer to Mercury than to Venus.

118

Now that's no longer within the habitable zone of the Sun,

119

and that means, well, things are about to get hot for Kepler-442b.

120

However, what makes Kepler different from TRAPPIST-1e is that Kepler-442b has stronger gravity,

121

so it would fight for its atmosphere.

122

Yeah, we believe that Kepler-442b is a great candidate for a habitable world.

123

It's bigger than Earth, so it would have a lot more surface to live on.

124

But let's be honest, we're not going to travel 1,200 light years to settle there.

125

And here, so close to the sun,

126

this planet isn't going to be a tropical destination.

127

It would be hellishly hot.

128

Its oceans would evaporate, but the atmosphere would stick around.

129

And that's a bad thing,

130

because instead of a super-Earth,

131

Kepler-442b would become a super-Venus.

132

Yeah, all that vapor from evaporating oceans would make its thick atmosphere even thicker.

133

And in the same way that Venus traps its heat on the surface,

134

Kepler-442b would do that too.

135

Except that Kepler-442b is almost three times more massive than Venus.

136

Its strong surface gravity would hold on to the thick atmosphere,

137

and after years of intense solar heat,

138

this atmosphere could grow even denser.

139

And if greenhouse gases began to trap more heat,

140

it might end up even worse than Venus.

141

You definitely never want to land there.

142

And eventually, you might not be able to land there,

143

because having a brand new super-Earth in the inner solar system would shake things up.

144

It would start slowly, and at first, he wouldn't notice anything.

145

But after a few thousand years,

146

Kepler-442b's gravitational presence would push the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

147

After millions of years, Kepler-442b might even toss those planets out of their orbits and make them collide with each other.

148

And as that orbital mashup is unfolding,

149

things would be changing down on Earth, too.

150

With an unstable orbit, Earth would have an unstable climate.

151

And if we were on a collision course with Mars or Venus or even Kepler-442b itself,

152

well that would be the end of our planet.

153

But these events would take at least a million years.

154

You wouldn't see any planetary collisions in your lifetime.

155

So let's go bigger and move a planet five and a half times more massive than Earth.

156

Yeah, cue OGLE 2005 BLG 390LB.

157

This exoplanet is incredibly cold and super far.

158

Yeah, OGLE 2005 BLG 390LB,

159

we'll call it OGLE for short,

160

is 21,526 light years away.

161

OGLE orbits its star at a distance of 2.6 astronomical units.

162

If it were in our solar system,

163

well, it would be sitting in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

164

We don't even know what type of star this planet orbits,

165

because its star is just too faint and too far away.

166

But it must be some kind of cool star,

167

because Ogle is a frozen world.

168

It's colder than anything we have in our solar system.

169

Yeah, Ogall's surface temperature is only 50 degrees Kelvin.

170

That's minus 223 degrees Celsius,

171

or minus 370 degrees Fahrenheit.

172

It's cold.

173

And because we discovered this planet through gravitational microlensing,

174

we don't even know how big the planet is.

175

You see, there's different ways of discovering planets.

176

Telescopes like the Kepler Space Telescope discover planets through the transit method.

177

They look at light blocked by an exoplanet passing in front of its star.

178

Gravitational microlensing is different.

179

It measures the tiny bending and magnification of light from a more distant star.

180

That bending is caused by the gravity of a planet when its host star passes in front of it.

181

So we don't technically see the planet,

182

we just know it's there,

183

gravitationally affecting the light from its star.

184

And that means Ogle could be a super-Earth,

185

or it could be a mini-Neptune.

186

For the sake of this experiment,

187

let's imagine Ogle as a big, frigid, rocky planet.

188

Now if we move this planet into our solar system,

189

right in the asteroid belt,

190

That would be a huge change for Ogle.

191

The asteroid belt gets about 16% of the sunlight that Earth does,

192

which is a lot compared to Ogle's original orbit.

193

But it's still not enough, not at first.

194

The surface would remain deeply frozen,

195

but it would warm up to about minus 200 degrees Celsius.

196

But the longer it's in our solar system and the more heat it gets from the sun,

197

Ogle would slowly warm up.

198

Its surface ice would partially sublimate, creating an atmosphere.

199

Or adding to its atmosphere if Ogil already has one.

200

Still, it would be too cold for us to land on,

201

so we'd likely just send probes and rovers to explore the surface of this cold planet.

202

Keep in mind that this isn't a small, lightweight planet like TRAPPIST-1e.

203

Ogall is massive, 5.5 times heavier than Earth.

204

It could be extremely dense and have a strong gravitational pull.

205

Within a few million years,

206

it would cause the asteroid belt to fall apart.

207

The asteroids would be ejected of their orbits and flung forward,

208

spiraling toward the Sun.

209

And some of those asteroids would take detours near Mars and Earth.

210

Our daily weather forecasts on Earth would be calling for bright sunshine,

211

light solar winds, and a 70% chance of catastrophic asteroid collision.

212

The asteroid belt has millions of asteroids,

213

and at least one million of those are a minimum one kilometer in diameter.

214

That's 0.6 of a mile.

215

So things would get disastrous fast.

216

Eventually, after tens of hundreds of millions of years, Ogil would destabilize Mars.

217

And once Martian orbit shifted, Earth would be next.

218

So if humanity somehow made it to tens of thousands of millions of years,

219

a giant asteroid might just wipe us out.

220

Like the dinosaurs.

221

But things would get much worse,

222

much faster, if we placed an epic Super Saturn in an orbit around the Sun.

223

This is J1407b and it's magnificent.

224

It orbits a star 434 light years away from us and it is truly massive.

225

J1407b is 20 times more massive than Saturn,

226

but its rings are 200 times wider than Saturn's.

227

Yeah, if we placed this alien gas giant in the same orbit as Earth,

228

its rings would reach Mercury.

229

Back in its own star system,

230

this super Saturn orbits 10 to 15 times further from its star than Earth does,

231

In our solar system, that would place it perfectly between Saturn and Uranus.

232

Now, those giant rings would dominate the sky.

233

They'd reflect so much sunlight that you could see them from Earth.

234

Though in its new orbit between Saturn and Uranus,

235

you'd need a telescope to see them properly.

236

But let's not forget, this planet is massive.

237

It would be tugging at Saturn and Uranus, slowly disrupting their orbits.

238

Over millions of years, this gravitational dance would destabilize moons,

239

shift rings, or even pull Uranus into a more elliptical path.

240

The smaller icy bodies in the Kuiper Belt would no longer be safe.

241

1407b's gravitational reach would act like a celestial broom,

242

sweeping entire regions of debris clean,

243

or hurling them inward toward you on Earth.

244

Yeah, expect a higher number of asteroid collisions.

245

Now, let's say we wanted to explore this absolutely magnificent giant and its rings with a probe flyby.

246

Well, that could be difficult.

247

Those rings aren't just icy rocks.

248

They're millions of chunks, some as large as mountains,

249

orbiting J1407b at thousands of kilometers per hour.

250

A direct impact would vaporize a spacecraft.

251

Now, J1407b might have hundreds of moons.

252

Some could be larger than Mercury.

253

If they cross into Saturn or Uranus' orbit,

254

they'd crash into those planets.

255

They might even make Saturn and Uranus' own rings bigger and brighter.

256

If J1407b nudged Jupiter even a little bit,

257

the effects could eventually ripple inward toward Earth.

258

Jupiter is the anchor of our planetary orbits.

259

If J1407b disturbed it, it would throw off the entire balance of our inner solar system.

260

Over hundreds of millions of years,

261

those tiny changes would add up.

262

Earth's orbit could wobble.

263

Asteroids would be smashing into us.

264

Mercury might even get flung into the Sun.

265

Yeah, it gets chaotic.

266

Now, imagine one of these exoplanets replacing our moon.

267

Yeah, that would be pure chaos.

268

But that's a story for another What If.

269

you

TRENDING

الأكثر شعبية

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

☕ اشترِ لنا قهوة

يظل ShadowingEnglish مجانيًا بنسبة 100% بفضل دعمكم. تكاليف الخوادم والذكاء الاصطناعي مرتفعة — قهوتكم تبقينا مستمرين! 🙏

التبرع عبر PayPal

ShadowingEnglish.com – تمرين التظليل الصوتي للإنجليزية

تحدث الإنجليزية بطلاقة باستخدام تقنية التظليل الصوتي. استمع لفيديوهات يوتيوب الأصلية، كرر جملة بجملة، وابنِ نطقاً حقيقياً وطلاقة — يستخدمها متعلمو IELTS حول العالم.

تدريب Shadowing: What If Exoplanets Replaced Our Solar System? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

الأكثر شعبية

السياق والخلفية

أفضل 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي

دليل الخطوة بخطوة لممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

تدريب Shadowing: What If Exoplanets Replaced Our Solar System? - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

تنزيل التطبيق

السياق والخلفية

أفضل 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي

دليل الخطوة بخطوة لممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟