Shadowing-Übung: Cost of Illness, Budget Impact Analysis - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
Übungsmodus wählen
Jeder Modus öffnet einen Übungsraum im Vollbild.
257 Sätze
Wenn Sätze zu kurz oder zu lang sind, klicke auf Edit, um sie anzupassen.
1
to yeah now it's recorded in progress uh
2
and i will ask you to uh
3
if you can uh switch off your camera uh first uh switch off your microphone too
4
and i will give the word to pavel the organizer of this webinar.
5
Paweł, the floor is yours.
6
Thank you, Denny.
7
Hello, everybody.
8
Here Paweł Kowalek, Working Group 4 leader.
9
I would like to welcome you to Enota's sixth webinar on pharmacoeconomics.
10
The entire webinar will be recorded and will be available on the Enota YouTube channel soon.
11
Today's webinar is one of a series of webinars.
12
We have planned a total of 10 webinars, which we started in the beginning of this year.
13
In February, we had the first one.
14
And the next meetings will be held in the following months, as you can see until the end of this year.
15
Each webinar will last 30 minutes with approximately 20 minutes for the presentation
16
and 5 to 10 minutes for Q &A session and discussion.
17
The title of today's presentation is Cost of Illness
18
and Budget Impact Analysis and the lecture will be given by Dr. Medhab Cekmak -Barsbay from Ankara University, Turkey.
19
Medhap is an associate professor of healthcare management at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University.
20
Her research interests focus on burden of disease,
21
evaluation of health policy and politics, and program assessment methods.
22
She teaches health planning, comparative health systems, and health economics in several programs at her university.
23
So, Madhav, please start your presentation.
24
The floor is yours.
25
Thank you.
26
Hello everyone and thank you for attending today's session.
27
Let me share my screen.
28
Yes, today I'll explain to you some basic details of cost of illness analysis and budget impact analysis.
29
They are two important tools of economic evaluation techniques and let me firstly explain cost of illness analysis.
30
It has some relations with budget impact analysis, as you see.
31
We compare current situation and new tax.
32
This can be a new method,
33
this can with new tech or new intervention so we could compare their costs regarding a specific illness
34
and by calculating the difference these methods we will complete on budget impact analysis
35
So, I'll explain some steps of cost of illness analysis.
36
Firstly, we should set our purpose.
37
We should start by definition.
38
What should we compare?
39
What should be benchmark?
40
And then our perspective is really important.
41
generally health system or payer perspective
42
and sometimes a pharmaceutical company's perspective can be included in this analysis
43
and if we want to combine all of them then the perspective is according to society,
44
it combines them all.
45
And then we should go with the specific disease and then we should...
46
decide cost analysis approach.
47
This can be incidence -based and or a prevalence -based
48
and then cost analysis method we should conclude bottom -up
49
or top -down method
50
and then we will we should list the costs tangible intangible costs according to our perspective
51
and we should collect data data and analyze
52
and reports our results cost of illness analysis is related to who bears the costs
53
and who enjoys the benefits so how long costs
54
and outcomes are measured and what costs
55
and outcomes are included these are the main questions when we are um focusing in cost of illness analysis.
56
As I said earlier, study perspective is really important,
57
a good starting point with determining study perspective in a really detailed way.
58
It's a viewpoint from which an analysis is conducted and refers to
59
which costs and benefits are included and this can be a government's perspective,
60
payer perspective, even a patient's perspective and as I said if we combine the most society perspective is the most general one.
61
When we In calculating costs,
62
we should discriminate direct medical costs and indirect costs.
63
Direct costs generally refers to the costs of diagnostic tests, drug costs, physician office visits,
64
biologics and medication, surgery, hospitalization, these kinds of costs.
65
And as you see here,
66
the major contributors of the total health expenditure of Crohn disease were biologics at €5 ,000 and medications,
67
nearly €3 ,000, followed by hospitalization, €2 ,000 euro
68
and surgery it's less than hospitalization but it's very near to two thousand euro and
69
we are going with the direct medical costs imported portugal the annual average cost per IBD patient is 6 ,000 euro.
70
60 % is related to Crohn's disease and 40 % to ulcerative colitis.
71
So direct costs are easy to calculate
72
but indirect costs are not easy as direct costs
73
because they include productivity losses
74
and every kind of costs especially we cannot turn them into monetary units
75
so indirect costs include every kind of impacts of patient and caregiver particular participation in an intervention.
76
So these costs are generally much more complicated to measure than other kinds of tangible costs.
77
You see a publication here exploring work productivity laws in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
78
In this article,
79
it was aimed to evaluate the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on patients' professional life
80
and to determine predictors of several work productivity loss.
81
And when we looked at the results,
82
we see absenteeism were calculated reported. And in multivariate analysis,
83
these work productivity laws in these patients are analyzed and reported in results.
84
And budget impact analysis is a kind of estimation,
85
the financial consequences of any kind of intervention or new drugs
86
and we should calculate and we should see the financial impact on annual health care use and cost for the first,
87
the second and subsequent years according to our time horizon it can be one year,
88
three years, five years and SPOR suggests that it can start from one year to five years.
89
So according to your model, according to your time horizon,
90
these estimates should exceed to five years.
91
Budget impact models rely on robust estimates for market share also market share uptake of the new therapy or intervention being introduced.
92
These therapies are highly costed so we should know if we can afford these kinds of drugs or interventions.
93
So in terms of patients view,
94
in terms of insurance perspective and healthcare policy makers and for evidence -based decision making,
95
these affordability decisions are really important to pay for them or not.
96
So if we are coming across with new therapies,
97
every new therapist should follow with budget impact analysis to see these informed decisions.
98
Budget Impact Analysis is a tool to forecast the impact and it has many approaches, many
99
forecasting methods on a new intervention on payer budgets
100
and takes into account the whole healthcare system in a national perspective or in a regional perspective according to your setting
101
and it provides us a benchmarking for evidence -based decision making
102
because if we know Although it's cost effective and it's affordable,
103
we can conclude to reimburse the new drug.
104
For this reason, reimbursement decisions should rely on these kinds of analysis,
105
especially new drugs and new medications,
106
new methods for reimbursement agencies and there are some national guidelines
107
and they set all the details in these guidelines.
108
Some countries like Belgium, like Netherlands, they have some specific, like Canada,
109
they have budget impact analysis methods in detail,
110
especially for pharmaceutical campaigns for their new drugs.
111
When we are doing budget impact analysis,
112
firstly, we should estimate the eligible population uptake.
113
So, we should know who are suffering from this disease and the population suffering from this disease.
114
And we should select the time horizon.
115
It can be start from one year to five year.
116
And then we should identify current and the new projected treatment mix.
117
And we should benchmark and compare the two of them.
118
And then we should estimate current and future drug costs and disease -related other kinds of costs like surgery,
119
hospitalization, or every kind of costs.
120
As I said, productivity loss costs also can be included.
121
And estimating and presenting changes in annual budget impact and health outcomes.
122
These are the.. the main steps of budget impact analysis.
123
There are different approach in this analysis.
124
The first one is epidemiology analysis.
125
We should start with prevalence or incidents defining with the population like PICO questions,
126
PICO's questions, what's our population?
127
And we should have real time data on the share of the treated patients.
128
And then we should know the healthcare resources and the related costs,
129
especially associated with disease, with this disease, hospital visits, the duration of the visits,
130
the duration of the hospitalization, surgery, if it should to exist or not,
131
outpatient appointments, TDM tests, the count of these healthcare resources.
132
And the other one is market analysis, estimating market share, it's important for pharmaceutical companies,
133
it's important for new drugs.
134
Also, analysis of the cost of the treatment.
135
These are the four key variables.
136
In any of them, we should take into consideration the cost components like unit drug costs
137
or monitoring and administration of this drug that's subcutane or intravenous
138
or how should we implement it possible adverse events related to these drugs and disease -related healthcare utilization,
139
diagnostic, hospitalization, surgery, or outpatient visits.
140
Firstly, these should be with cost effective analysis.
141
They are combined.
142
We distinguish the two of them from a cost -effective analysis.
143
They are some common steps, common methods, some distinct features, distinct characteristics.
144
And as you see a perspective and time horizon,
145
we should generally use payer perspective because if we should conclude with reimbursement decisions,
146
a payer perspective is it's okay.
147
But so if we, for example,
148
needs and many countries recommends everyone not to use only a payer perspective,
149
rather society perspective, rather the especially intangible costs are really important for this reason.
150
They want to include all the productivity laws or other intangible costs.
151
So when we want to design the characteristic of the disease,
152
what's the type, what's the situation in the society, and what's the current and new treatment,
153
what's the characteristic of this disease,
154
the epidemiological characteristics, and also we should know about the health system,
155
the health system, especially financing measures are important,
156
and scenario analysis
157
um are important uh what are the existing threatened modalities in
158
scenario analysis we assume uh some uh different scenarios uh some uh possible costs relate to this disease and then
159
Then PICO questions, population intervention,
160
comparatory outcome and settings, population is the target population,
161
we should decide eligible population for treatment with the new alternative for patients suffering from this disease.
162
And we should have some data sources,
163
especially for epidemiologic nature of this disease.
164
And market share should be determined among eligible populations and existing alternatives.
165
And costing steps include all eligible costs, induction, maintenance, follow -up costs,
166
and discounting and sensitivity analysis.
167
Generally in budget impact analysis,
168
no discounting is applied because discounting is meaningful in longer period,
169
longer horizons, especially for lifelong periods.
170
But we should calculate all the costs for one year or three years for this reason.
171
No discounting is relevant in budget impact analysis this.
172
And first the market product,
173
this is one of the four variables.
174
This concept is the first of its kind to enter a specific therapeutic market.
175
It's relevant for a novel therapeutic class, especially important for first biologics in its indication.
176
And biosimilar, that's the first challenge of branded biologic.
177
And there are some approaches market share can be estimated in terms of units
178
or sales and top down and bottom up approach can be applied.
179
And And we should get data related to the consumption characteristics,
180
and then go with the projections and forecasting.
181
Initial market advantage allows for rapid uptake and higher adoption rates, especially if there's unmet need.
182
In this case, health policy makers make some distinguished decisions for this initial market
183
to get this initial market advantage on behalf of a pharmaceutical company.
184
And we assume that the initial price benchmark is set
185
and this influences cost for treated patients and comparative cost scenarios when other competitors enter the market.
186
In the case of biosimilars,
187
a first -to -market biosimilar can reduce costs significantly and influence the price of follow -on entrants.
188
And go with the uptake patterns
189
and payers may give preferential access to the first product if it addresses an unmet need or it's calculated cost -effective.
190
So that cost -effective analysis will be combined with budget impact analysis.
191
Early adoption patterns influence the budget forecast, especially high uptake early on,
192
a higher short -term budget impact or strategic pricing or discounts can mitigate this impact.
193
And there are some static or dynamic models,
194
especially taking into consideration the characteristic of the population.
195
They are static or the dynamic population.
196
The number of patients are stable or they are reducing or increasing.
197
This is the main distinction of these two models.
198
And these models should combine with scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis also.
199
And we get some savings with this budget impact on this and what to do with the savings.
200
This is important for new therapies.
201
for biosimilars to the first market significant price drops
202
or reference products these kinds of savings can be used to reinvestment for new therapies and or expanding access to
203
the disadvantaged patients
204
This is the example of the uptake of the neodrack inhibitor versus older biologics.
205
Price premium of the being first and the impact on health budget
206
if it replaces costier intravenous infusion and sensitivity analysis will examine impact if a second drug enters market in year
207
three and market erosion for older drugs due to first market dynamics to complete market penetration
208
and adaptation speed and price setting power competitive landscape assumption overall short and medium -term budget estimates.
209
So budget impact models and analysis, especially for chronic inflammatory diseases
210
where innovation and highly cost new drugs first market status should be explicitly modeled as a scenario or sensitivity analysis.
211
that's all thank you for attending this session if you have any questions and
212
comments please feel free to ask and go with your comments
213
okay thank you very much do the audience have any questions to our presenter
214
i would like to start with a few questions when you when you say when you talk about the payers
215
the payers are the government right right okay and uh
216
and you talk about the budget impact borders uh you mentioned that the the netherlands belgium and canada have applied this uh
217
BIA, so Budget Impact Analysis,
218
does it reduce, what is the budget for health in this country?
219
It's important for especially new drugs, new therapies.
220
So if a pharmaceutical company should come to the market with a new therapy,
221
with a new drug, it should, they should, the company should apply the rules of the guidelines of
222
that country for implementing all the details in budget impact analysis.
223
So we don't know exactly if this budget impact analysis
224
or this budget impact analysis is models are efficient in uh maintaining a sort of sustainability of the healthcare system
225
because in france uh the budget uh for health care system is is we have a debt
226
so it was 12 or 11 billion
227
in 2024 or 2023 and it has become 20 billion
228
so it is increasing so we we i think we need this uh
229
yeah the decision to uh to make it uh the budget sustainable
230
because it it it increase dramatically so maybe we are paying too much
231
or maybe the the prices are
232
so too high even in france i'm not speaking about uh serbia i was uh last week in eular
233
so there was a serbian rheumatologist
234
and he said the price cannot cannot it is too high
235
and the agency refused to provide to reimburse some projects for rare disease like it yeah for example some countries
236
that are in a resource constraint situation and they tend to reimburse not the original drugs,
237
the generic drugs.
238
So this is the main tool and easy tool to reduce the drug -related costs in that country.
239
So if we really need to access new therapy and very expensive therapy,
240
What can we do for patients,
241
for disadvantaged people, especially if the healthcare decision makers decided not to reimburse that drug?
242
And I can tell you that the rheumatologists are thinking about this
243
because it was one of the uh one of the topic
244
uh the prize of the the drugs uh during the last meeting so
245
does anyone would like to to ask a question to meta
246
yeah yeah my comment is that new technologies very often borne budget constraints and
247
it could be seen more and more often indeed okay do we have any other comments
248
or questions from our audience i don't see
249
so i would like to invite you for the next webinar
250
which will be held in
251
which will be held on 8 of July this year from 5 to 5 30 set pm
252
and the speaker will be Przemysław Holko from the Jagiellonian University Medical College from Poland
253
and the title of the webinar would be basics of stochastic thinking
254
and mark of modeling so please register to the next webinar
255
and thank you for the attending and participating this meeting
256
and see you at the next webinar next month thank you
257
thank you thank you bye bye have a safe day safe evening bye bye thank you you're welcome bye bye
App herunterladen
Alles, was du zum fließenden Sprechen brauchst
KI-AussprachebewertungJeder Satz bewertet
IPA-TrainingJeden Laut meistern
WortschatzBaue deinen Wortschatz auf
VokabelspielSpielend lernen
FOR YOU
Empfohlenes Video
C13
111 Sätze
Executing Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEAL) | Complete Practical Guide
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
37 Sätze
18 tháng 10, 2026
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
442 Sätze
Allergy Assessment for Nurses: True Allergy vs Sensitivity, and Safer Care with Dr. Sophia Thomas
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
99 Sätze
OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines 2022 - Chapter 1 - The Arm's Length Principle
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1255 Sätze
Olivia
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
131 Sätze
The medicine myth | Denis Noble, Nessa Carey, Guy Brown
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
421 Sätze
Best way to talk about your money & budget in english | English podcast
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
46 Sätze
What is Public Health? Episode 1 of "That's Public Health"
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
635 Sätze
Decision-Making and Entrepreneurial Performance: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
9 Sätze
Es ging nie um Gesundheit! #gegenwartalsutopie #podcast #german #deutscherpodcast
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C19
28 Sätze
English in Medicine - U1 - Task 1
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
48 Sätze
YouTube Saved My Medical Career | A Cinematic Short Film
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung auf Niveau C1 basiert auf dem Video „Cost of Illness, Budget Impact Analysis“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: cost, analysis, budget, impact, drug. Dieses Video enthält 257 Sätze und 2872 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 32:38. Der Sprecher spricht langsam, etwa 88 Wörter pro Minute, sodass genug Zeit bleibt, jeden Laut nachzuahmen. 82 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
Die 15 anspruchsvollsten Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| webinar Substantiv | /ˈwɛb.əˌnɑː/ | Webinar |
| payer Substantiv | /ˈpeɪ.ɚ/ | Zahler, Zahlerin |
| calculate Verb | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | kalkulieren, berechnen |
| hospitalization Substantiv | /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | Krankenhauseinweisung, Aufnahme in das Krankenhaus |
| characteristic Substantiv | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | Merkmal, Eigenschaft |
| pharmaceutical Adjektiv | /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ | pharmazeutisch, Arznei |
| reimburse Verb | /ˌɹiːɪmˈbɜː(ɹ)s/ | erstatten |
| benchmark Substantiv | /ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/ | Maßstab, Höhenfestpunkt |
| firstly Adverb | /ˈfɜɹstli/ | erstens |
| sensitivity Substantiv | /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/ | Sensitivität, Sensibilität |
| horizon Substantiv | /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ | Horizont, Kimm |
| forecast Substantiv | /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ | Schätzung, Vorhersage |
| guideline Substantiv | /ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/ | Richtlinie |
| intangible Adjektiv | /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ | abstrakt, ungreifbar |
| reimbursement Substantiv | /ˌɹiː.ɪmˈbɜːs.mənt/ | Erstattung |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| switch off Verb | abschalten, ausschalten |
| come across Verb | wirken, vorkommen |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | will be recorded · will be held · is Cost |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | have planned · have applied · has become |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 6 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, I'll, I'm. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die „th“-Laute: therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, benchmark /ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/, outpatient /ˈaʊtˌpeɪʃ(ə)nt/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, erosion /ɪˈɹəʊʒən/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, pharmaceutical /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/, sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): webinar /ˈwɛb.əˌnɑː/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: conclude /kənˈkluːd/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/, inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, tangible /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie webinar, payer, calculate.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.