Практика Shadowing: Cost of Illness, Budget Impact Analysis - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.

257 предложений

Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.

to yeah now it's recorded in progress uh

and i will ask you to uh

if you can uh switch off your camera uh first uh switch off your microphone too

and i will give the word to pavel the organizer of this webinar.

Paweł, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Denny.

Hello, everybody.

Here Paweł Kowalek, Working Group 4 leader.

I would like to welcome you to Enota's sixth webinar on pharmacoeconomics.

The entire webinar will be recorded and will be available on the Enota YouTube channel soon.

Today's webinar is one of a series of webinars.

We have planned a total of 10 webinars, which we started in the beginning of this year.

In February, we had the first one.

And the next meetings will be held in the following months, as you can see until the end of this year.

Each webinar will last 30 minutes with approximately 20 minutes for the presentation

and 5 to 10 minutes for Q &A session and discussion.

The title of today's presentation is Cost of Illness

and Budget Impact Analysis and the lecture will be given by Dr. Medhab Cekmak -Barsbay from Ankara University, Turkey.

Medhap is an associate professor of healthcare management at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University.

Her research interests focus on burden of disease,

evaluation of health policy and politics, and program assessment methods.

She teaches health planning, comparative health systems, and health economics in several programs at her university.

So, Madhav, please start your presentation.

The floor is yours.

Thank you.

Hello everyone and thank you for attending today's session.

Let me share my screen.

Yes, today I'll explain to you some basic details of cost of illness analysis and budget impact analysis.

They are two important tools of economic evaluation techniques and let me firstly explain cost of illness analysis.

It has some relations with budget impact analysis, as you see.

We compare current situation and new tax.

This can be a new method,

this can with new tech or new intervention so we could compare their costs regarding a specific illness

and by calculating the difference these methods we will complete on budget impact analysis

So, I'll explain some steps of cost of illness analysis.

Firstly, we should set our purpose.

We should start by definition.

What should we compare?

What should be benchmark?

And then our perspective is really important.

generally health system or payer perspective

and sometimes a pharmaceutical company's perspective can be included in this analysis

and if we want to combine all of them then the perspective is according to society,

it combines them all.

And then we should go with the specific disease and then we should...

decide cost analysis approach.

This can be incidence -based and or a prevalence -based

and then cost analysis method we should conclude bottom -up

or top -down method

and then we will we should list the costs tangible intangible costs according to our perspective

and we should collect data data and analyze

and reports our results cost of illness analysis is related to who bears the costs

and who enjoys the benefits so how long costs

and outcomes are measured and what costs

and outcomes are included these are the main questions when we are um focusing in cost of illness analysis.

As I said earlier, study perspective is really important,

a good starting point with determining study perspective in a really detailed way.

It's a viewpoint from which an analysis is conducted and refers to

which costs and benefits are included and this can be a government's perspective,

payer perspective, even a patient's perspective and as I said if we combine the most society perspective is the most general one.

When we In calculating costs,

we should discriminate direct medical costs and indirect costs.

Direct costs generally refers to the costs of diagnostic tests, drug costs, physician office visits,

biologics and medication, surgery, hospitalization, these kinds of costs.

And as you see here,

the major contributors of the total health expenditure of Crohn disease were biologics at €5 ,000 and medications,

nearly €3 ,000, followed by hospitalization, €2 ,000 euro

and surgery it's less than hospitalization but it's very near to two thousand euro and

we are going with the direct medical costs imported portugal the annual average cost per IBD patient is 6 ,000 euro.

60 % is related to Crohn's disease and 40 % to ulcerative colitis.

So direct costs are easy to calculate

but indirect costs are not easy as direct costs

because they include productivity losses

and every kind of costs especially we cannot turn them into monetary units

so indirect costs include every kind of impacts of patient and caregiver particular participation in an intervention.

So these costs are generally much more complicated to measure than other kinds of tangible costs.

You see a publication here exploring work productivity laws in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

In this article,

it was aimed to evaluate the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on patients' professional life

and to determine predictors of several work productivity loss.

And when we looked at the results,

we see absenteeism were calculated reported. And in multivariate analysis,

these work productivity laws in these patients are analyzed and reported in results.

And budget impact analysis is a kind of estimation,

the financial consequences of any kind of intervention or new drugs

and we should calculate and we should see the financial impact on annual health care use and cost for the first,

the second and subsequent years according to our time horizon it can be one year,

three years, five years and SPOR suggests that it can start from one year to five years.

So according to your model, according to your time horizon,

these estimates should exceed to five years.

Budget impact models rely on robust estimates for market share also market share uptake of the new therapy or intervention being introduced.

These therapies are highly costed so we should know if we can afford these kinds of drugs or interventions.

So in terms of patients view,

in terms of insurance perspective and healthcare policy makers and for evidence -based decision making,

these affordability decisions are really important to pay for them or not.

So if we are coming across with new therapies,

every new therapist should follow with budget impact analysis to see these informed decisions.

Budget Impact Analysis is a tool to forecast the impact and it has many approaches, many

forecasting methods on a new intervention on payer budgets

100

and takes into account the whole healthcare system in a national perspective or in a regional perspective according to your setting

101

and it provides us a benchmarking for evidence -based decision making

102

because if we know Although it's cost effective and it's affordable,

103

we can conclude to reimburse the new drug.

104

For this reason, reimbursement decisions should rely on these kinds of analysis,

105

especially new drugs and new medications,

106

new methods for reimbursement agencies and there are some national guidelines

107

and they set all the details in these guidelines.

108

Some countries like Belgium, like Netherlands, they have some specific, like Canada,

109

they have budget impact analysis methods in detail,

110

especially for pharmaceutical campaigns for their new drugs.

111

When we are doing budget impact analysis,

112

firstly, we should estimate the eligible population uptake.

113

So, we should know who are suffering from this disease and the population suffering from this disease.

114

And we should select the time horizon.

115

It can be start from one year to five year.

116

And then we should identify current and the new projected treatment mix.

117

And we should benchmark and compare the two of them.

118

And then we should estimate current and future drug costs and disease -related other kinds of costs like surgery,

119

hospitalization, or every kind of costs.

120

As I said, productivity loss costs also can be included.

121

And estimating and presenting changes in annual budget impact and health outcomes.

122

These are the.. the main steps of budget impact analysis.

123

There are different approach in this analysis.

124

The first one is epidemiology analysis.

125

We should start with prevalence or incidents defining with the population like PICO questions,

126

PICO's questions, what's our population?

127

And we should have real time data on the share of the treated patients.

128

And then we should know the healthcare resources and the related costs,

129

especially associated with disease, with this disease, hospital visits, the duration of the visits,

130

the duration of the hospitalization, surgery, if it should to exist or not,

131

outpatient appointments, TDM tests, the count of these healthcare resources.

132

And the other one is market analysis, estimating market share, it's important for pharmaceutical companies,

133

it's important for new drugs.

134

Also, analysis of the cost of the treatment.

135

These are the four key variables.

136

In any of them, we should take into consideration the cost components like unit drug costs

137

or monitoring and administration of this drug that's subcutane or intravenous

138

or how should we implement it possible adverse events related to these drugs and disease -related healthcare utilization,

139

diagnostic, hospitalization, surgery, or outpatient visits.

140

Firstly, these should be with cost effective analysis.

141

They are combined.

142

We distinguish the two of them from a cost -effective analysis.

143

They are some common steps, common methods, some distinct features, distinct characteristics.

144

And as you see a perspective and time horizon,

145

we should generally use payer perspective because if we should conclude with reimbursement decisions,

146

a payer perspective is it's okay.

147

But so if we, for example,

148

needs and many countries recommends everyone not to use only a payer perspective,

149

rather society perspective, rather the especially intangible costs are really important for this reason.

150

They want to include all the productivity laws or other intangible costs.

151

So when we want to design the characteristic of the disease,

152

what's the type, what's the situation in the society, and what's the current and new treatment,

153

what's the characteristic of this disease,

154

the epidemiological characteristics, and also we should know about the health system,

155

the health system, especially financing measures are important,

156

and scenario analysis

157

um are important uh what are the existing threatened modalities in

158

scenario analysis we assume uh some uh different scenarios uh some uh possible costs relate to this disease and then

159

Then PICO questions, population intervention,

160

comparatory outcome and settings, population is the target population,

161

we should decide eligible population for treatment with the new alternative for patients suffering from this disease.

162

And we should have some data sources,

163

especially for epidemiologic nature of this disease.

164

And market share should be determined among eligible populations and existing alternatives.

165

And costing steps include all eligible costs, induction, maintenance, follow -up costs,

166

and discounting and sensitivity analysis.

167

Generally in budget impact analysis,

168

no discounting is applied because discounting is meaningful in longer period,

169

longer horizons, especially for lifelong periods.

170

But we should calculate all the costs for one year or three years for this reason.

171

No discounting is relevant in budget impact analysis this.

172

And first the market product,

173

this is one of the four variables.

174

This concept is the first of its kind to enter a specific therapeutic market.

175

It's relevant for a novel therapeutic class, especially important for first biologics in its indication.

176

And biosimilar, that's the first challenge of branded biologic.

177

And there are some approaches market share can be estimated in terms of units

178

or sales and top down and bottom up approach can be applied.

179

And And we should get data related to the consumption characteristics,

180

and then go with the projections and forecasting.

181

Initial market advantage allows for rapid uptake and higher adoption rates, especially if there's unmet need.

182

In this case, health policy makers make some distinguished decisions for this initial market

183

to get this initial market advantage on behalf of a pharmaceutical company.

184

And we assume that the initial price benchmark is set

185

and this influences cost for treated patients and comparative cost scenarios when other competitors enter the market.

186

In the case of biosimilars,

187

a first -to -market biosimilar can reduce costs significantly and influence the price of follow -on entrants.

188

And go with the uptake patterns

189

and payers may give preferential access to the first product if it addresses an unmet need or it's calculated cost -effective.

190

So that cost -effective analysis will be combined with budget impact analysis.

191

Early adoption patterns influence the budget forecast, especially high uptake early on,

192

a higher short -term budget impact or strategic pricing or discounts can mitigate this impact.

193

And there are some static or dynamic models,

194

especially taking into consideration the characteristic of the population.

195

They are static or the dynamic population.

196

The number of patients are stable or they are reducing or increasing.

197

This is the main distinction of these two models.

198

And these models should combine with scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis also.

199

And we get some savings with this budget impact on this and what to do with the savings.

200

This is important for new therapies.

201

for biosimilars to the first market significant price drops

202

or reference products these kinds of savings can be used to reinvestment for new therapies and or expanding access to

203

the disadvantaged patients

204

This is the example of the uptake of the neodrack inhibitor versus older biologics.

205

Price premium of the being first and the impact on health budget

206

if it replaces costier intravenous infusion and sensitivity analysis will examine impact if a second drug enters market in year

207

three and market erosion for older drugs due to first market dynamics to complete market penetration

208

and adaptation speed and price setting power competitive landscape assumption overall short and medium -term budget estimates.

209

So budget impact models and analysis, especially for chronic inflammatory diseases

210

where innovation and highly cost new drugs first market status should be explicitly modeled as a scenario or sensitivity analysis.

211

that's all thank you for attending this session if you have any questions and

212

comments please feel free to ask and go with your comments

213

okay thank you very much do the audience have any questions to our presenter

214

i would like to start with a few questions when you when you say when you talk about the payers

215

the payers are the government right right okay and uh

216

and you talk about the budget impact borders uh you mentioned that the the netherlands belgium and canada have applied this uh

217

BIA, so Budget Impact Analysis,

218

does it reduce, what is the budget for health in this country?

219

It's important for especially new drugs, new therapies.

220

So if a pharmaceutical company should come to the market with a new therapy,

221

with a new drug, it should, they should, the company should apply the rules of the guidelines of

222

that country for implementing all the details in budget impact analysis.

223

So we don't know exactly if this budget impact analysis

224

or this budget impact analysis is models are efficient in uh maintaining a sort of sustainability of the healthcare system

225

because in france uh the budget uh for health care system is is we have a debt

226

so it was 12 or 11 billion

227

in 2024 or 2023 and it has become 20 billion

228

so it is increasing so we we i think we need this uh

229

yeah the decision to uh to make it uh the budget sustainable

230

because it it it increase dramatically so maybe we are paying too much

231

or maybe the the prices are

232

so too high even in france i'm not speaking about uh serbia i was uh last week in eular

233

so there was a serbian rheumatologist

234

and he said the price cannot cannot it is too high

235

and the agency refused to provide to reimburse some projects for rare disease like it yeah for example some countries

236

that are in a resource constraint situation and they tend to reimburse not the original drugs,

237

the generic drugs.

238

So this is the main tool and easy tool to reduce the drug -related costs in that country.

239

So if we really need to access new therapy and very expensive therapy,

240

What can we do for patients,

241

for disadvantaged people, especially if the healthcare decision makers decided not to reimburse that drug?

242

And I can tell you that the rheumatologists are thinking about this

243

because it was one of the uh one of the topic

244

uh the prize of the the drugs uh during the last meeting so

245

does anyone would like to to ask a question to meta

246

yeah yeah my comment is that new technologies very often borne budget constraints and

247

it could be seen more and more often indeed okay do we have any other comments

248

or questions from our audience i don't see

249

so i would like to invite you for the next webinar

250

which will be held in

251

which will be held on 8 of July this year from 5 to 5 30 set pm

252

and the speaker will be Przemysław Holko from the Jagiellonian University Medical College from Poland

253

and the title of the webinar would be basics of stochastic thinking

254

and mark of modeling so please register to the next webinar

255

and thank you for the attending and participating this meeting

256

and see you at the next webinar next month thank you

257

thank you thank you bye bye have a safe day safe evening bye bye thank you you're welcome bye bye

Скачать приложение

Всё для свободной речи

ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас

Игра со словамиУчитесь играя

Сканировать QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «Cost of Illness, Budget Impact Analysis». Чаще всего повторяются слова: cost, analysis, budget, impact, drug. В этом видео 257 предложений и 2872 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 32:38. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 88 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
webinar существительное	/ˈwɛb.əˌnɑː/	вебина́р, онла́йн-семина́р
payer существительное	/ˈpeɪ.ɚ/	плате́льщик, плате́льщица
calculate глагол	/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/	вычисля́ть, вы́числить
hospitalization существительное	/ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/	госпитализа́ция
characteristic существительное	/ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/	характе́рная черта́, отличи́тельная черта́
pharmaceutical прилагательное	/ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/	фармацевти́ческий
reimburse глагол	/ˌɹiːɪmˈbɜː(ɹ)s/	возмеща́ть, компенси́ровать
benchmark существительное	/ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/	крите́рий, мери́ло
firstly наречие	/ˈfɜɹstli/	во-пе́рвых, пре́жде всего́
sensitivity существительное	/ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/	чувстви́тельность
horizon существительное	/həˈɹaɪ.zən/	горизо́нт, небоскло́н
forecast существительное	/ˈfɔːkɑːst/	предсказа́ние, прогно́з
guideline существительное	/ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/	директи́ва, устано́вка
intangible прилагательное	/ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/	неосяза́емый, неулови́мый
reimbursement существительное	/ˌɹiː.ɪmˈbɜːs.mənt/	возмеще́ние

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
switch off глагол	выключа́ть, вы́ключить

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	will be recorded · will be held · is Cost
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have planned · have applied · has become

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 6 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, I'll, I'm. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, benchmark /ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/, outpatient /ˈaʊtˌpeɪʃ(ə)nt/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, erosion /ɪˈɹəʊʒən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, pharmaceutical /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/, sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: webinar /ˈwɛb.əˌnɑː/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: conclude /kənˈkluːd/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как webinar, payer, calculate.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Cost of Illness, Budget Impact Analysis - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Скачать приложение

Рекомендуемое видео

Executing Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEAL) | Complete Practical Guide

18 tháng 10, 2026

Allergy Assessment for Nurses: True Allergy vs Sensitivity, and Safer Care with Dr. Sophia Thomas

OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines 2022 - Chapter 1 - The Arm's Length Principle

Olivia

Best way to talk about your money & budget in english | English podcast

What is Public Health? Episode 1 of "That's Public Health"

YouTube Saved My Medical Career | A Cinematic Short Film

English in Medicine - U1 - Task 1

Decision-Making and Entrepreneurial Performance: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Es ging nie um Gesundheit! #gegenwartalsutopie #podcast #german #deutscherpodcast

The medicine myth | Denis Noble, Nessa Carey, Guy Brown