Shadowing Practice: 3 experts explain everything you need to know about loneliness - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- From a very young age, there's a stigma that we learn, where, if you're alone, something's wrong with you.
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Our perceptions and the stories that we tell ourselves about feeling lonely, in turn, change the behaviors that we go out and do in the world.
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When we feel lonely, we're more likely to start to ruminate, to catastrophize in social situations and to get caught up in these sort of negative thought patterns and beliefs but then influence our behaviors, but they also influence our brains and our bodies.
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- There are some studies that suggest, for example, that being without a close friend, being lonely is as bad for your health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
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- We often hear that being alone is bad for us.
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This messaging is getting us to believe that being alone is bad for us.
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But there are many situations in which being alone can actually be good for us.
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- Our social lives are rewiring our brains and in turn, changing the experience that we have inside of our bodies.
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Loneliness is not a reflection on who we are.
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It's a reflection of what we need.
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It's information. It's data.
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Loneliness starts out as a thought pattern or an emotion.
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This actually triggers a stress response in our body that is associated with heightened levels of cortisol, that's associated with more inflammation, which weakens our immune systems and actually makes us more susceptible to disease.
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We can see this in the neuroscience research.
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In one study, people went through mild electric shocks while looking at photos of either their romantic partner or a complete stranger.
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What researchers found was that people who are looking at a photo of their romantic partners reported feeling less fearful and the brain activity in the regions associated with pain was lower.
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People's perception differs according to whether or not they feel connected to another person.
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If we start to understand that health is not only physical and mental, it's also social that's going to change our behaviors.
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If you think about having rich friendships and being embedded in your community and having a really strong sense of support, that's going to completely transform the way that you experience the world.
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- I think a big question now is whether we're facing a friendship recession.
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That's the term that Daniel Cox, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, has used to describe this rise in the number of people who lack a certain number of close friends, who have fewer people to turn to in times of crisis.
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Today, 15% of young men say that they don't have a close friend.
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That was just 3% back in the 1990s.
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The pandemic, interestingly, there we see that it's women who've been most affected.
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With more than half of women saying they've lost touch with at least some of their friends.
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We've seen a decline in lots of traditional institutions, including a family, people marrying later if they do marry.
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Obviously in areas like religion. In some cases, the labor market.
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And so what that means is there's more of a need for people to have social relationships, connections outside of those institutions.
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That's where friends are hugely important.
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And so it's not just that being without friends can make you isolated in a sort of economic or social sense, but it can also make you sad.
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And being sad, it turns out, is also bad in terms of your physical as well as emotional health.
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There's obviously a dystopian version of how these trends could continue, which is a world of, essentially, atomized individuals without friends, isolated, perhaps in ill health.
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I think that's why we have to recognize that friendship is incredibly important for human flourishing.
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One of the necessary steps to making a friend is to admitting that you want to make a friend.
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To being open to that.
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That requires a certain vulnerability.
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And I think as we get older, there's sometimes a sense of shame that comes along with not having enough friends.
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And actually saying I need a friend is maybe one of the hardest sentences that any human being can utter.
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- There's been an increasing amount of attention over the past several years about the negative consequences of loneliness.
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We've done research on this and found that the media is approximately ten times more likely to describe experiences of being alone as negative as compared to positive.
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When we do research where we track people over time, what we see is that if you're the kind of person who thinks being alone is good for you, you actually feel good when you spend time alone.
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What I love about that finding is it gives us the opportunity to potentially intervene because we can shift people's beliefs about being alone.
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Rather than thinking about that experience as reflecting something wrong about me or the circumstances, we can reframe that situation as an opportunity to be creative, to be alone with our thoughts in a pleasant way.
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The more we talk about these things, the more gets on our minds and the more it penetrates into the culture more broadly.
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- Connection with yourself is as important as connection with other people.
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Being optimally socially healthy for you might be different than someone else based on how much socializing you enjoy, and what kinds of connection feel fulfilling to you.
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Loneliness is just an opportunity to go further, to explore your social health, to be a scientist in the laboratory that is your social life.
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We can broaden the Perception Box that you're living in and help you to feel more connected and overcome that isolated experience of loneliness.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “3 experts explain everything you need to know about loneliness”. Las palabras que más se repiten: alone, loneliness, experience, connection. Este vídeo tiene 48 frases y 948 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:37. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 143 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 86 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| loneliness sustantivo | /ˈloʊnlinəs/ | soledad |
| isolate verbo | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | aislar |
| perception sustantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepción |
| reflection sustantivo | /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ | reflexión |
| atomize verbo | /ˈætəmaɪz/ | atomizar |
| broaden verbo | [ˈbɹɔː.dn̩] | ensanchar |
| cortisol sustantivo | /ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɔl/ | cortisol |
| dystopian adjetivo | /dɪsˈtoʊ.pi.ən/ | distópico |
| heighten verbo | /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/ | elevar |
| neuroscience sustantivo | neurocienca | |
| ruminate verbo | /ˈɹumənət/ | rumiar |
| socialize verbo | /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/ | socializar, sociabilizarse |
| weaken verbo | /ˈwikən/ | debilitar, languir |
| flourish verbo | /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/ | florecer, florescer |
| penetrate verbo | /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ | penetrar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go out verbo | salir |
| go through verbo | atravesar |
| turn out verbo | resultar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | who've been · they've lost · We've seen |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who are · people who lack · continue, which is |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is associated · being embedded |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, we're, we've. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/, socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: catastrophize /kəˈtæstɹəfaɪz/, dystopian /dɪsˈtoʊ.pi.ən/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/, scholar /ˈskɑlɚ/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: atomize /ˈætəmaɪz/, catastrophize /kəˈtæstɹəfaɪz/, socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como loneliness, isolate, perception.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.