Shadowing Practice: 3 experts explain everything you need to know about loneliness - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
48 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
- From a very young age, there's a stigma that we learn, where, if you're alone, something's wrong with you.
2
Our perceptions and the stories that we tell ourselves about feeling lonely, in turn, change the behaviors that we go out and do in the world.
3
When we feel lonely, we're more likely to start to ruminate, to catastrophize in social situations and to get caught up in these sort of negative thought patterns and beliefs but then influence our behaviors, but they also influence our brains and our bodies.
4
- There are some studies that suggest, for example, that being without a close friend, being lonely is as bad for your health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
5
- We often hear that being alone is bad for us.
6
This messaging is getting us to believe that being alone is bad for us.
7
But there are many situations in which being alone can actually be good for us.
8
- Our social lives are rewiring our brains and in turn, changing the experience that we have inside of our bodies.
9
Loneliness is not a reflection on who we are.
10
It's a reflection of what we need.
11
It's information. It's data.
12
Loneliness starts out as a thought pattern or an emotion.
13
This actually triggers a stress response in our body that is associated with heightened levels of cortisol, that's associated with more inflammation, which weakens our immune systems and actually makes us more susceptible to disease.
14
We can see this in the neuroscience research.
15
In one study, people went through mild electric shocks while looking at photos of either their romantic partner or a complete stranger.
16
What researchers found was that people who are looking at a photo of their romantic partners reported feeling less fearful and the brain activity in the regions associated with pain was lower.
17
People's perception differs according to whether or not they feel connected to another person.
18
If we start to understand that health is not only physical and mental, it's also social that's going to change our behaviors.
19
If you think about having rich friendships and being embedded in your community and having a really strong sense of support, that's going to completely transform the way that you experience the world.
20
- I think a big question now is whether we're facing a friendship recession.
21
That's the term that Daniel Cox, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, has used to describe this rise in the number of people who lack a certain number of close friends, who have fewer people to turn to in times of crisis.
22
Today, 15% of young men say that they don't have a close friend.
23
That was just 3% back in the 1990s.
24
The pandemic, interestingly, there we see that it's women who've been most affected.
25
With more than half of women saying they've lost touch with at least some of their friends.
26
We've seen a decline in lots of traditional institutions, including a family, people marrying later if they do marry.
27
Obviously in areas like religion. In some cases, the labor market.
28
And so what that means is there's more of a need for people to have social relationships, connections outside of those institutions.
29
That's where friends are hugely important.
30
And so it's not just that being without friends can make you isolated in a sort of economic or social sense, but it can also make you sad.
31
And being sad, it turns out, is also bad in terms of your physical as well as emotional health.
32
There's obviously a dystopian version of how these trends could continue, which is a world of, essentially, atomized individuals without friends, isolated, perhaps in ill health.
33
I think that's why we have to recognize that friendship is incredibly important for human flourishing.
34
One of the necessary steps to making a friend is to admitting that you want to make a friend.
35
To being open to that.
36
That requires a certain vulnerability.
37
And I think as we get older, there's sometimes a sense of shame that comes along with not having enough friends.
38
And actually saying I need a friend is maybe one of the hardest sentences that any human being can utter.
39
- There's been an increasing amount of attention over the past several years about the negative consequences of loneliness.
40
We've done research on this and found that the media is approximately ten times more likely to describe experiences of being alone as negative as compared to positive.
41
When we do research where we track people over time, what we see is that if you're the kind of person who thinks being alone is good for you, you actually feel good when you spend time alone.
42
What I love about that finding is it gives us the opportunity to potentially intervene because we can shift people's beliefs about being alone.
43
Rather than thinking about that experience as reflecting something wrong about me or the circumstances, we can reframe that situation as an opportunity to be creative, to be alone with our thoughts in a pleasant way.
44
The more we talk about these things, the more gets on our minds and the more it penetrates into the culture more broadly.
45
- Connection with yourself is as important as connection with other people.
46
Being optimally socially healthy for you might be different than someone else based on how much socializing you enjoy, and what kinds of connection feel fulfilling to you.
47
Loneliness is just an opportunity to go further, to explore your social health, to be a scientist in the laboratory that is your social life.
48
We can broaden the Perception Box that you're living in and help you to feel more connected and overcome that isolated experience of loneliness.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “3 experts explain everything you need to know about loneliness”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: alone, loneliness, experience, connection. בסרטון הזה יש 48 משפטים ו-948 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 6:37. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-143 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 86% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
13 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| loneliness שם עצם | /ˈloʊnlinəs/ | בְּדִידוּת |
| perception שם עצם | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | תפיסה, קליטה |
| reflection שם עצם | /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ | השתקפות |
| weaken פועל | /ˈwikən/ | החליש |
| circumstance שם עצם | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | נסיבות |
| inflammation שם עצם | /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/ | דַּלֶּקֶת |
| recession שם עצם | /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ | נסיגה |
| fulfill פועל | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | קִיֵּם |
| distress שם עצם | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | מוּעָקָה |
| transform פועל | /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ | לשנות |
| cigarette שם עצם | /ˈsɪɡəɹɛt/ | סִיגַרְיָה |
| consequence שם עצם | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | תּוֹצָאָה, הַשְׁלָכָה |
| emotion שם עצם | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | רֶגֶשׁ |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| go out פועל | יָצָא |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | who've been · they've lost · We've seen |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | people who are · people who lack · continue, which is |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is associated · being embedded |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-10 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, we're, we've. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/, socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: catastrophize /kəˈtæstɹəfaɪz/, dystopian /dɪsˈtoʊ.pi.ən/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: weaken /ˈwikən/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: atomize /ˈætəmaɪz/, catastrophize /kəˈtæstɹəfaɪz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/, broaden [ˈbɹɔː.dn̩], catastrophize /kəˈtæstɹəfaɪz/, cortisol /ˈkoɹ.tɪˌsɔl/, ruminate /ˈɹumənət/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו loneliness, perception, reflection.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.