Shadowing Practice: HEISENBERG: The Dumber Oppenheimer - Learn English Speaking with Video

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When it came down to the Nazis and their military technology, you can't deny that they were next level.
En lo que respecta a los nazis y su tecnología militar, no se puede negar que estaban a otro nivel.
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They made mortars the size of blue whales that shot shells as big as rhinos, built an artillery cannon so big and powerful
Fabricaron morteros del tamaño de ballenas azules que disparaban proyectiles tan grandes como rinocerontes, construyeron un cañón de artillería tan grande y potente.
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that the Nazis broke it down themselves as they were afraid the Soviets would capture and use it against them.
que los nazis lo desmantelaron ellos mismos porque temían que los soviéticos lo capturaran y lo usaran en su contra.
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And they even worked on a prototype death ray, a ray weapon that could kill the engine of an airplane and its pilot with one simple click.
Incluso trabajaron en un prototipo de rayo mortal, un arma de rayos capaz de destruir el motor de un avión y a su piloto con un simple clic.
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The Nazis were spearheading massive and ungodly new means of warfare,
Los nazis estaban liderando nuevos y atroces métodos de guerra,
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and among those many plans of mass destruction was one that luckily never saw the light of day.
Y entre esos muchos planes de destrucción masiva, hubo uno que, por suerte, nunca vio la luz.
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At least not by this fedora wearing fella.
Al menos no por parte de este tipo que lleva un sombrero fedora.
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Meet the hero of its time, or the main villain, Wu failed.
Conozcan al héroe de su tiempo, o al villano principal, Wu fracasó.
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Historically Facts, Part 4 It is early 1939, and Poland is still Poland.
Hechos históricos, parte 4. Es principios de 1939 y Polonia sigue siendo Polonia.
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A german scientist named Otto Frisch and his colleague found out by pure chance that when you shoot neutrons at uranium,
Un científico alemán llamado Otto Frisch y su colega descubrieron por pura casualidad que cuando se disparan neutrones al uranio,
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it splits into two equally lighter elements.
Se divide en dos elementos igualmente ligeros.
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But more interestingly, it also blowed out a strong burst of kinetic energy,
Pero, lo que es más interesante, también liberó una fuerte ráfaga de energía cinética,
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which another Otto with another colleague figured out was a completely undiscovered process.
Otro Otto, junto con otro colega, descubrió que se trataba de un proceso completamente desconocido.
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They ended up calling the process fission, but they soon figured out another layer to this process.
Acabaron llamando al proceso fisión, pero pronto descubrieron otra capa más de este proceso.
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Along with kinetic energy that splurged out from the atom, there was another thing that got shot out.
Junto con la energía cinética que brotó del átomo, hubo otra cosa que salió disparada.
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Neutrons.
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The same thing that started this entire process.
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Now, guess what happens if one of those neutrons that gets blown away hits another uranium atom?
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Exactly the same thing.
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Now imagine that this is all happening in a controlled environment.
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The Atomic Bomb.
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Now, this is all just on paper and such a bomb wasn't actually a thing.
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Though one top scientist immediately knew the danger of this just discovered process.
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His name was Albert Einstein.
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He and many other top scientists who worried about the rising fascism in Europe fled Germany the earlier years
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and settled for America, where they continued to worry about their home country's fate.
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And when Einstein heard the news of this newly discovered process, he immediately sent a letter to the president and office, Franklin D.
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Roosevelt, about the potential unknown danger of nuclear weapons.
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This brings us to Heisenberg.
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No, no, no, no, not this one, the one he named himself after.
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Werner Heisenberg Werner was somewhat of a genius himself.
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At age 23, he wrote groundbreaking papers.
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Age 25, he formulated this, which I'm not even sure what it means.
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And at age 31, he received a Nobel Prize for, and I quote, for the creation of quantum mechanics.
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That sounds fancy, doesn't it?
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We will come back to Heisenberg in a bit, because it's time for Blitzkrieg.
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Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union all attacked Poland at the same time.
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Leaving the massively outnumbered Polish in an extremely one -sided war,
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with no support whatsoever followed with their country being tarnished forever by all six of Nazi Germany's extermination camps.
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Where millions of people ended up.. well, you know how it ended.
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The war had started, innocent lives were being taken, and Hitler was rapidly taking over parts of Europe and Africa.
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The same day the war started, the Nazis set up the Uran Project,
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a nuclear weapons research program with the intentions to harness the power of fission to overpower their enemies.
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And why is because of Heisenberg.
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Just as Einstein wrote about the dangers of nuclear weapons to the president, so did Heisenberg to the German government.
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And this sparked the Nazis interest.
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The first meeting of the Uran project, Heisenberg for some reason wasn't invited.
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But he was at the second a month later, where top physicists discussed the potential of a nuclear bomb.
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A bomb so powerful, it could wipe down entire cities within a blink of an eye.
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The physicist unanonymously agreed that creating such a bomb would take roughly 5 years.
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Meaning it would have been finished no later than 1944, in the midst of the second world war.
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A year before the Americans exploded their prototype.
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Yeah, we are still in 1939 and the Nazis were already looking into the possibility of a nuclear bomb.
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Two years before Oppenheimer even entered the atomic scene.
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So why did the Nazis fail even though they were three years ahead of the Americans?
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This is where we can either call Heisenberg a hero or a failed villain.
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Heisenberg didn't become the head of the research program till the same year that Oppenheimer rose up.
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Why did the Nazis not use Heisenberg's brilliance before the Americans started the Manhattan Project?
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Well, it's because Heisenberg didn't push through nuclear weapons as hard as he could have.
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He only reported the findings of the second meeting to the Fuhrer two weeks after it happened, where he claimed he casually proposed the idea
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because he once again claimed he didn't want to put thousands of personnel on a project that might ultimately fail, resulting in extremely disagreeable consequences.
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Testimonials like these make it very hard to find out what Heisenberg actually stood for.
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Did he really have no faith in the project?
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Or did he not want to bear the sins that Oppenheimer ended up bearing himself?
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Nonetheless, his plan worked.
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The project was halted till 1942.
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But shortly after, he took the role of the head of the nuclear research program.
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Once again, why?
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Is it because he wanted to hinder the progress which he could only do in the top position?
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Or was it because he felt like he could finally bring the Nazis to victory only if he led the group?
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Either way, the playing field between Oppenheimer and Heisenberg was effectively evened.
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Both started the same year at roughly the same position respectively in their countries.
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Yet luckily, the Americans came out victorious.
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Did our hero hinder the progress while Oppenheimer thrived?
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Or was it because of the anti -semitism
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which caused all the top Jewish scientists to flee the country
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and the fact that the tide in the war had turned?
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which meant not all the resources he needed could have been assigned to his Uran project.
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Question mark.
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Historians all around the world aren't 100 % sure themselves.
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So unfortunately we can't give you a final answer if he is in heaven or in hell.
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But we can give you facts.
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And here is a fun fact.
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In 1944 Heisenberg was invited to meet Adolf Hitler in person.
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And not even a year later Hitler killed himself.
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Call me a conspiracy theorist, but that is awfully suspicious.
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In the end, the Nazis and Heisenberg did make a prototype of a nuclear reactor.
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But they didn't even get close to what the Americans and Oppenheimer achieved in as little as 3 years.
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Heisenberg ended up being captured by the allies, but just like the other scientists, he was shortly after released and sent back to his country,
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where he played a key role in getting Germany nuclear energy.
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This is the bizarre story of the hero or villain of the Second World War.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “HEISENBERG: The Dumber Oppenheimer”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Heisenberg, Nazi, nuclear, project, Oppenheimer. Este vídeo tiene 91 frases y 1187 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:27. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 159 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 81 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
neutron sustantivo/ˈnu.tɹɑn/neutrón
prototype sustantivo/ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/prototipo
villain sustantivo/ˈvɪl.ən/villano
fission sustantivo/ˈfɪʃən/fisión
hinder verbo/ˈhɪndɚ/impedir, obstar
kinetic adjetivo/kɪˈnɛtɪk/cinético
physicist sustantivo/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/físico, física
atom sustantivo/ˈætəm/átomo
flee verbo/ˈfliː/huir, huirse
uranium sustantivo/ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/uranio
luckily adverbio/ˈlʌk.ɪ.li/afortunadamente, por suerte
colleague sustantivo/ˈkɒliːɡ/colega, compañero
atomic adjetivo/əˈtɑː.mɪk/atómico
awfully adverbio/ˈɔ.f(ə.)li/asombroso
brilliance sustantivo/ˈbɹɪljən(t)s/brillantez

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
end up verboterminar, ir a parar
figure out verboaveriguar, captar
find out verboaveriguar, anoticiarse
come out verbo/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/revelarse, salir a la luz
take over verboapoderarse, enseñorearse

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 11 contracciones y formas reducidas, como didn't, can't, wasn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “th”: theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/, thrive /θɹajv/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/
  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: fission /ˈfɪʃən/, tarnish /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/, casually /ˈkæʒuəli/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/, intentions /ɪnˈtɛnʃənz/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, disagreeable /dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəl/, overpower /oʊ.vɚˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/, testimonial /tɛstɪˈmoʊni.əl/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: spearhead /ˈspɪɹ.hɛd/, splurge /splɝd͡ʒ/, spark /ˈspɑɹk/
  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: villain /ˈvɪl.ən/, overpower /oʊ.vɚˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, victorious /vɪkˈtɔːɹiəs/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, bizarre /bɪˈzɑː(ɹ)/, intentions /ɪnˈtɛnʃənz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como neutron, prototype, villain.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →