Shadowing Practice: HEISENBERG: The Dumber Oppenheimer - Learn English Speaking with Video

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91 משפטים
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When it came down to the Nazis and their military technology, you can't deny that they were next level.
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They made mortars the size of blue whales that shot shells as big as rhinos, built an artillery cannon so big and powerful
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that the Nazis broke it down themselves as they were afraid the Soviets would capture and use it against them.
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And they even worked on a prototype death ray, a ray weapon that could kill the engine of an airplane and its pilot with one simple click.
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The Nazis were spearheading massive and ungodly new means of warfare,
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and among those many plans of mass destruction was one that luckily never saw the light of day.
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At least not by this fedora wearing fella.
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Meet the hero of its time, or the main villain, Wu failed.
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Historically Facts, Part 4 It is early 1939, and Poland is still Poland.
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A german scientist named Otto Frisch and his colleague found out by pure chance that when you shoot neutrons at uranium,
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it splits into two equally lighter elements.
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But more interestingly, it also blowed out a strong burst of kinetic energy,
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which another Otto with another colleague figured out was a completely undiscovered process.
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They ended up calling the process fission, but they soon figured out another layer to this process.
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Along with kinetic energy that splurged out from the atom, there was another thing that got shot out.
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Neutrons.
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The same thing that started this entire process.
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Now, guess what happens if one of those neutrons that gets blown away hits another uranium atom?
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Exactly the same thing.
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Now imagine that this is all happening in a controlled environment.
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The Atomic Bomb.
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Now, this is all just on paper and such a bomb wasn't actually a thing.
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Though one top scientist immediately knew the danger of this just discovered process.
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His name was Albert Einstein.
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He and many other top scientists who worried about the rising fascism in Europe fled Germany the earlier years
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and settled for America, where they continued to worry about their home country's fate.
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And when Einstein heard the news of this newly discovered process, he immediately sent a letter to the president and office, Franklin D.
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Roosevelt, about the potential unknown danger of nuclear weapons.
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This brings us to Heisenberg.
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No, no, no, no, not this one, the one he named himself after.
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Werner Heisenberg Werner was somewhat of a genius himself.
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At age 23, he wrote groundbreaking papers.
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Age 25, he formulated this, which I'm not even sure what it means.
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And at age 31, he received a Nobel Prize for, and I quote, for the creation of quantum mechanics.
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That sounds fancy, doesn't it?
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We will come back to Heisenberg in a bit, because it's time for Blitzkrieg.
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Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union all attacked Poland at the same time.
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Leaving the massively outnumbered Polish in an extremely one -sided war,
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with no support whatsoever followed with their country being tarnished forever by all six of Nazi Germany's extermination camps.
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Where millions of people ended up.. well, you know how it ended.
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The war had started, innocent lives were being taken, and Hitler was rapidly taking over parts of Europe and Africa.
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The same day the war started, the Nazis set up the Uran Project,
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a nuclear weapons research program with the intentions to harness the power of fission to overpower their enemies.
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And why is because of Heisenberg.
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Just as Einstein wrote about the dangers of nuclear weapons to the president, so did Heisenberg to the German government.
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And this sparked the Nazis interest.
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The first meeting of the Uran project, Heisenberg for some reason wasn't invited.
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But he was at the second a month later, where top physicists discussed the potential of a nuclear bomb.
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A bomb so powerful, it could wipe down entire cities within a blink of an eye.
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The physicist unanonymously agreed that creating such a bomb would take roughly 5 years.
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Meaning it would have been finished no later than 1944, in the midst of the second world war.
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A year before the Americans exploded their prototype.
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Yeah, we are still in 1939 and the Nazis were already looking into the possibility of a nuclear bomb.
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Two years before Oppenheimer even entered the atomic scene.
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So why did the Nazis fail even though they were three years ahead of the Americans?
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This is where we can either call Heisenberg a hero or a failed villain.
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Heisenberg didn't become the head of the research program till the same year that Oppenheimer rose up.
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Why did the Nazis not use Heisenberg's brilliance before the Americans started the Manhattan Project?
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Well, it's because Heisenberg didn't push through nuclear weapons as hard as he could have.
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He only reported the findings of the second meeting to the Fuhrer two weeks after it happened, where he claimed he casually proposed the idea
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because he once again claimed he didn't want to put thousands of personnel on a project that might ultimately fail, resulting in extremely disagreeable consequences.
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Testimonials like these make it very hard to find out what Heisenberg actually stood for.
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Did he really have no faith in the project?
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Or did he not want to bear the sins that Oppenheimer ended up bearing himself?
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Nonetheless, his plan worked.
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The project was halted till 1942.
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But shortly after, he took the role of the head of the nuclear research program.
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Once again, why?
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Is it because he wanted to hinder the progress which he could only do in the top position?
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Or was it because he felt like he could finally bring the Nazis to victory only if he led the group?
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Either way, the playing field between Oppenheimer and Heisenberg was effectively evened.
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Both started the same year at roughly the same position respectively in their countries.
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Yet luckily, the Americans came out victorious.
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Did our hero hinder the progress while Oppenheimer thrived?
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Or was it because of the anti -semitism
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which caused all the top Jewish scientists to flee the country
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and the fact that the tide in the war had turned?
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which meant not all the resources he needed could have been assigned to his Uran project.
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Question mark.
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Historians all around the world aren't 100 % sure themselves.
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So unfortunately we can't give you a final answer if he is in heaven or in hell.
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But we can give you facts.
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And here is a fun fact.
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In 1944 Heisenberg was invited to meet Adolf Hitler in person.
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And not even a year later Hitler killed himself.
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Call me a conspiracy theorist, but that is awfully suspicious.
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In the end, the Nazis and Heisenberg did make a prototype of a nuclear reactor.
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But they didn't even get close to what the Americans and Oppenheimer achieved in as little as 3 years.
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Heisenberg ended up being captured by the allies, but just like the other scientists, he was shortly after released and sent back to his country,
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where he played a key role in getting Germany nuclear energy.
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This is the bizarre story of the hero or villain of the Second World War.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “HEISENBERG: The Dumber Oppenheimer”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: Heisenberg, Nazi, nuclear, project, Oppenheimer. בסרטון הזה יש 91 משפטים ו-1187 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:27. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-159 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. רק 81% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
neutron שם עצם/ˈnu.tɹɑn/נֵיטרוֹן
prototype שם עצם/ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/אב טיפוס
villain שם עצם/ˈvɪl.ən/נָבָל
physicist שם עצם/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/פִיזִיקַאי
atom שם עצם/ˈætəm/אָטוֹם
flee פועל/ˈfliː/נָס
uranium שם עצם/ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/אורניום
luckily תואר הפועל/ˈlʌk.ɪ.li/בכי טוב
colleague שם עצם/ˈkɒliːɡ/עָמִית, עמיתה
atomic שם תואר/əˈtɑː.mɪk/אָטוֹמִי
extermination שם עצםהשמדה
groundbreaking שם תואר/ˈɡɹaʊndˌbɹeɪkɪŋ/פורץ־דרך
victorious שם תואר/vɪkˈtɔːɹiəs/עטור בניצחון
harness פועל/ˈhɑɹ.nəs/רָתַם
thrive פועל/θɹajv/שִֹגְשֵֹג

Phrasal verbs שתשמעו

מילההגייהמשמעות
figure out פועלהֵבִין, מצא תשובה
come out פועל/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/יָצָא

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-11 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו didn't, can't, wasn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • הצלילים של “th”: theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/, thrive /θɹajv/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/
  • הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: fission /ˈfɪʃən/, tarnish /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/, casually /ˈkæʒuəli/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/, intentions /ɪnˈtɛnʃənz/
  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, disagreeable /dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəl/, overpower /oʊ.vɚˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/, testimonial /tɛstɪˈmoʊni.əl/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: whale /ˈweɪl/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, wipe /waɪp/, warfare /ˈwɔɹfɛɹ/, quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/
  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: atom /ˈætəm/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, casually /ˈkæʒuəli/, mechanic /mɪˈkænɪk/, reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: neutron /ˈnu.tɹɑn/, prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/, uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, brilliance /ˈbɹɪljən(t)s/, disagreeable /dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəl/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו neutron, prototype, villain.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →