Shadowing Practice: No, Really — Is A.I. a Bubble? | The Ezra Klein Show - Learn English Speaking with Video

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1
Paul, make the case to me this is a bubble.
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So in Western economic history, there have been like eight or nine of these moments where we build out some giant general purpose technology.
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And so we're building it out like we were the railroads, like we were electrification, like we were the canals, like we were the interstate highways.
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And every one of those moments has led to overbuild.
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There isn't a major economic CapEx episode in Western economic history that didn't end in a rolling series of crises,
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vastly inflated asset prices, and vast oversupply of capacity of whatever the thing was, right?
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Railroads, fiber, take your pick.
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Now, none of this is to say that like AI is frivolous
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or it doesn't work or that there aren't incredibly useful cases for it.
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That's not the point any more than that was the point for railroads, right?
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Railroads are incredibly useful.
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It didn't still end up where something like 50 % of the track miles ever laid turned out to be useless, right?
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So the bubble is this vast oversupply of something, largely fueled now by credit,
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which in turn will lead to massive business failures and write -down of assets.
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So all of this investment is at risk,
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and it's across the entire economy and sitting inside of all kinds of—but it's even sitting inside of your individual, your 401ks.
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So if you're holding an S &P 500 index, my friend, you are very, very long AI, right?
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Get out of my portfolio, Paul.
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Yeah, get that crap out of my portfolio.
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So you're very, very long AI.
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And this is the problem.
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Everything is leveraged to AI across every asset class, across all the retail investing.
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And then the last stat I'll give you, and the reason why
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that matters is we're at record percentages in terms of the percentage of people's net worth that are tied to equity.
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50 % of people's net worth is now in equity.
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So follow that math through.
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Most of equities is currently tech.
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Most of tech is currently AI.
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That's going to only get worse as these two monster IPOs come to market over the next, I don't know, two months or whatever.
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OpenAI and Anthropic?
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OpenAI and Anthropic.
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And just to put that in context, by the way, OpenAI, Anthropic, and SpaceX, if you want to include it,
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combined, those three IPOs are larger than all post -World War II IPOs combined.
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Like, this is a really unusual moment.
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That's a crazy stat.
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It's a crazy stat.
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And not only
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that, the combined value of those companies is larger than the value of the NASDAQ market capitalization at its peak.
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Like the bubble is sitting right in front of people and they want to say,
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well, I expect you to come with blonde hair, not brown hair.
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Dude, just because it doesn't look the way you want it to look doesn't make it any less fragile.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “No, Really — Is A.I. a Bubble?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: railroads, Anthropic, Ipos, Openai, stat. Este vídeo tiene 41 frases y 494 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:33. El hablante habla rápido, unas 194 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
equity sustantivo/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/equidad, epiqueya
asset sustantivo/ˈæsɛt/valor, activo
bubble sustantivo/ˈbʌbəl/burbuja, pompa
combine verbo/kəmˈbaɪn/combinar, juntar
stat adverbio/stæt/inmediatamente, ya
vast adjetivo/væst/vasto, enorme
percentage sustantivo/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/porcentaje
incredibly adverbio/ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/increíblemente
portfolio sustantivo/pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/portafolio, portafolios
unusual adjetivo/ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/inusual, inusitado
invest verbo/ɪnˈvɛst/invertir, insumir
canal sustantivo/kəˈnæl/canal, caz
mathematics sustantivo/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/matemáticas, matemática
interstate adverbio/ˈɪntɚˌsteɪt/interestatal
leverage sustantivo/ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/palanca, palanqueo

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
end up verboterminar, ir a parar
get out of verbosalirse de, ponerse fuera de

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como doesn't, didn't, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, capitalization /ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/, electrification /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfɪkeɪʃən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, oversupply /əʊvəsəˈplʌɪ/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vast /væst/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, vastly /ˈvæstli/, oversupply /əʊvəsəˈplʌɪ/
  • /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como equity, asset, bubble.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →