쉐도잉 연습: No, Really — Is A.I. a Bubble? | The Ezra Klein Show - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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1
Paul, make the case to me this is a bubble.
2
So in Western economic history, there have been like eight or nine of these moments where we build out some giant general purpose technology.
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And so we're building it out like we were the railroads, like we were electrification, like we were the canals, like we were the interstate highways.
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And every one of those moments has led to overbuild.
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There isn't a major economic CapEx episode in Western economic history that didn't end in a rolling series of crises,
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vastly inflated asset prices, and vast oversupply of capacity of whatever the thing was, right?
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Railroads, fiber, take your pick.
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Now, none of this is to say that like AI is frivolous
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or it doesn't work or that there aren't incredibly useful cases for it.
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That's not the point any more than that was the point for railroads, right?
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Railroads are incredibly useful.
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It didn't still end up where something like 50 % of the track miles ever laid turned out to be useless, right?
13
So the bubble is this vast oversupply of something, largely fueled now by credit,
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which in turn will lead to massive business failures and write -down of assets.
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So all of this investment is at risk,
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and it's across the entire economy and sitting inside of all kinds of—but it's even sitting inside of your individual, your 401ks.
17
So if you're holding an S &P 500 index, my friend, you are very, very long AI, right?
18
Get out of my portfolio, Paul.
19
Yeah, get that crap out of my portfolio.
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So you're very, very long AI.
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And this is the problem.
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Everything is leveraged to AI across every asset class, across all the retail investing.
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And then the last stat I'll give you, and the reason why
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that matters is we're at record percentages in terms of the percentage of people's net worth that are tied to equity.
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50 % of people's net worth is now in equity.
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So follow that math through.
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Most of equities is currently tech.
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Most of tech is currently AI.
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That's going to only get worse as these two monster IPOs come to market over the next, I don't know, two months or whatever.
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OpenAI and Anthropic?
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OpenAI and Anthropic.
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And just to put that in context, by the way, OpenAI, Anthropic, and SpaceX, if you want to include it,
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combined, those three IPOs are larger than all post -World War II IPOs combined.
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Like, this is a really unusual moment.
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That's a crazy stat.
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It's a crazy stat.
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And not only
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that, the combined value of those companies is larger than the value of the NASDAQ market capitalization at its peak.
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Like the bubble is sitting right in front of people and they want to say,
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well, I expect you to come with blonde hair, not brown hair.
41
Dude, just because it doesn't look the way you want it to look doesn't make it any less fragile.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “No, Really — Is A.I. a Bubble?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: railroads, Anthropic, Ipos, Openai, stat. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 41개와 단어 494개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 2:33입니다. 화자는 분당 약 194단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 12개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
asset 명사/ˈæsɛt/자산
bubble 명사/ˈbʌbəl/거품
combine 동사/kəmˈbaɪn/조합하다, 결합하다
vast 형용사/væst/광대하다, 거대하다
percentage 명사/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/백분율, 백분비
portfolio 명사/pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/포트폴리오
canal 명사/kəˈnæl/운하
mathematics 명사/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/수학
fragile 형용사/ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/깨지기 쉬운, 파손주의
blond 형용사/blɑnd/금발(金髮)의
electrification 명사/ɪˈlɛktɹɪfɪkeɪʃən/전화, 대전
inflate 동사/ɪnˈfleɪt/부풀리다

주의할 발음

화자는 doesn't, didn't, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 13번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, capitalization /ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/, electrification /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfɪkeɪʃən/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, oversupply /əʊvəsəˈplʌɪ/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

  • /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, fiber /ˈfaɪ.bɚ/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, electrification /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfɪkeɪʃən/, frivolous /ˈfɹɪv.ə.ləs/
  • /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vast /væst/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, vastly /ˈvæstli/, oversupply /əʊvəsəˈplʌɪ/
  • /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: railroad /ˈɹeɪlɹoʊd/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, electrification /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfɪkeɪʃən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, asset, bubble, combine 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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