Shadowing Practice: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Explained Clearly (OCD) - Learn English Speaking with Video

In this video, we'll cover obsessive compulsive disorder, and you'll find free practice material including multiple choice questions,

case scenarios and flashcards available through Wisdolia that gives feedback as you answer on what you got wrong and why.

Find a link to the questions below.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, is a condition characterized by,

as the name suggests, obsessions that are unwanted,

intrusive, recurrent thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety and distress, leading to an effort to avoid them,

and compulsions that are repetitive tasks performed in response to obsessions in an attempt to reduce the distress,

but are often not realistically connected.

As a result of these obsessions and compulsions, there is impairment in the individual's daily functioning and a negative impact on their quality of life.

Examples of common obsessions are a fear of contamination, a need for symmetry or exactness,

a fear of causing harm or making mistakes, and sexual or religious obsessions.

There will often There can also be avoidance of situations in which these obsessions are triggered.

Compulsions, also known as rituals, can be behavioral or mental.

Examples of behavioral compulsions include cleaning or hand washing, organizing or arranging, and checking,

while mental compulsions could be repeating words silently or praying, counting, and ruminating.

But bear in mind that the compulsions don't have to be directly connected to the obsession or the feared event.

Around 1 in 3 people with OCD will also suffer from some form of tics,

and up to 60% of the refer experiencing sensory phenomena preceding compulsions.

The cause of OCD is likely to be a combination of factors,

including genetic influence, with some evidence suggesting that it may be transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Genes thought to be involved are related to serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmitters.

Some theories also explain that compulsions may be self-reinforcing,

as they temporarily reduce the anxiety brought on by obsessions.

PANDAS are another potential factor,

which stands for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection,

whereby through molecular mimicry, autoimmune antibodies generated during the strep infection may cross-react with those in the basal ganglia.

Childhood acute neuropsychiatric symptoms, or CANS,

is a term that is becoming preferred to pandas because it encompasses causes other than strep, such as toxins or metabolites.

Between 1 and 4% of the population are thought to be affected, with onset typically in late adolescence to the early 20s.

Females are slightly more commonly affected, however, males have a more chronic course and an earlier onset,

as well as being more likely to encounter treatment resistance.

In around 75% of cases, there is a coexisting anxiety disorder and 63% have mood disorders,

most commonly major depressive disorder, and 10% of people with OCD attempt suicide.

Features that are associated with treatment resistance include schizotypal personality disorder and structural brain abnormalities.

A diagnosis is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,

5th edition, or DSM-5 criteria that state there must be obsessions, compulsions, or both, that they are time-consuming,

for example taking over an hour per day, and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.

They also cannot be attributable to substances or a medical condition,

and they cannot be better explained by another mental disorder.

The insight of the person should also be explored, which may range from good,

where where they are able to recognize that OCD beliefs are probably not true, to poor, where they think the OCD beliefs are true,

to absent or delusional, where they are completely convinced the OCD beliefs are true,

although a diagnosis of psychotic disorder should not be made on this basis alone.

A scale known as the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale is the most widely used scale to measure OCD symptoms,

with scores ranging from 0 to 40, with 40 being the most severe.

It features 5 questions each on obsessions and compulsions, and can be used to track the progress of treatment.

Overall, OCD treatment is largely divided into pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy first line.

However, 40% of patients fail to see a benefit from either of these.

Pharmacological therapy includes use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like sertraline, fluoxetine, or paroxetine.

However, clomipramine, which is a serotonin-specific tricyclic antidepressant is another option.

CBT is typically in the form of exposure and response prevention, where a number of triggers are identified and graded.

Then the patient is encouraged to expose themselves to them and then refrain from the compulsive rituals.

And as the symptoms improve, the more severe triggers are then targeted.

Second line agents include the addition of antipsychotics.

Patients are considered non-responders when there is no response to two SSRIs

and clomipramine taken for 12 weeks each with cognitive behavioral therapy.

✨ Recomendar Video

350 oraciones

The Science & Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Huberman Lab Essentials

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

74 oraciones

Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Explained Clearly”. Las palabras que más se repiten: compulsions, obsession, Ocd, disorder, compulsive. Este vídeo tiene 56 frases y 781 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:21. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 123 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 71 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
compulsion sustantivo	/kəmˈpʌlʃən/	compulsión
obsession sustantivo	/əbˈsɛʃən/	obsesión
compulsive adjetivo	/kəmˈpʌlsɪv/	compulsivo
behavioral adjetivo	/bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/	del comportamiento, conductual
obsessive adjetivo	/əbˈsɛs.ɪv/	obsesivo
serotonin sustantivo	/ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/	serotonina
symptom sustantivo	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	síntoma
distress sustantivo	/dɪˈstɹɛs/	distrés, distress
autoimmune adjetivo	/ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/	autoinmune, autoinmunitario
pharmacological adjetivo	/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/	farmacológico
onset sustantivo	/ˈɒnˌsɛt/	ataque silábico, inicio silábico
ritual sustantivo	/ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/	ritual
abnormality sustantivo	/ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/	anormalidad
adolescence sustantivo	/ˌædəˈlɛsəns/	adolescencia
antibody sustantivo	/ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/	anticuerpo

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Significado
take over verbo	apoderarse, enseñorearse

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we'll, you'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, delusional /dɪˈluːʒənəl/, contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, serotonin /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/, pharmacological /ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/, abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, obsessive /əbˈsɛs.ɪv/, depressive /dɪˈpɹɛsɪv/, intrusive /ɪnˈtɹuːsɪv/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: characterize /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/, coexist /ˌkoʊ.ɪɡˈzɪst/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/
/dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: pharmacological /ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/, arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como compulsion, obsession, compulsive.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Explained Clearly (OCD) - Learn English Speaking with Video

The Science & Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Huberman Lab Essentials

RCoA Primary Examination: SOE Briefing and Examination

Pediatric Diarrhea – Pediatrics | Lecturio

Other Corneal Disorders - CRASH! Medical Review Series

1k

This Is A Big Problem

What is it? A young boy with deafness and twisting limb movements

Phobia, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Narcissist, Psychopath, or Sociopath?

Asthma

Emotional and mental health needs

Fear of Forgetting