跟讀練習: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Explained Clearly (OCD) - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。

56 句

如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。

In this video, we'll cover obsessive compulsive disorder, and you'll find free practice material including multiple choice questions,

case scenarios and flashcards available through Wisdolia that gives feedback as you answer on what you got wrong and why.

Find a link to the questions below.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, is a condition characterized by,

as the name suggests, obsessions that are unwanted,

intrusive, recurrent thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety and distress, leading to an effort to avoid them,

and compulsions that are repetitive tasks performed in response to obsessions in an attempt to reduce the distress,

but are often not realistically connected.

As a result of these obsessions and compulsions, there is impairment in the individual's daily functioning and a negative impact on their quality of life.

Examples of common obsessions are a fear of contamination, a need for symmetry or exactness,

a fear of causing harm or making mistakes, and sexual or religious obsessions.

There will often There can also be avoidance of situations in which these obsessions are triggered.

Compulsions, also known as rituals, can be behavioral or mental.

Examples of behavioral compulsions include cleaning or hand washing, organizing or arranging, and checking,

while mental compulsions could be repeating words silently or praying, counting, and ruminating.

But bear in mind that the compulsions don't have to be directly connected to the obsession or the feared event.

Around 1 in 3 people with OCD will also suffer from some form of tics,

and up to 60% of the refer experiencing sensory phenomena preceding compulsions.

The cause of OCD is likely to be a combination of factors,

including genetic influence, with some evidence suggesting that it may be transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Genes thought to be involved are related to serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmitters.

Some theories also explain that compulsions may be self-reinforcing,

as they temporarily reduce the anxiety brought on by obsessions.

PANDAS are another potential factor,

which stands for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection,

whereby through molecular mimicry, autoimmune antibodies generated during the strep infection may cross-react with those in the basal ganglia.

Childhood acute neuropsychiatric symptoms, or CANS,

is a term that is becoming preferred to pandas because it encompasses causes other than strep, such as toxins or metabolites.

Between 1 and 4% of the population are thought to be affected, with onset typically in late adolescence to the early 20s.

Females are slightly more commonly affected, however, males have a more chronic course and an earlier onset,

as well as being more likely to encounter treatment resistance.

In around 75% of cases, there is a coexisting anxiety disorder and 63% have mood disorders,

most commonly major depressive disorder, and 10% of people with OCD attempt suicide.

Features that are associated with treatment resistance include schizotypal personality disorder and structural brain abnormalities.

A diagnosis is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,

5th edition, or DSM-5 criteria that state there must be obsessions, compulsions, or both, that they are time-consuming,

for example taking over an hour per day, and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.

They also cannot be attributable to substances or a medical condition,

and they cannot be better explained by another mental disorder.

The insight of the person should also be explored, which may range from good,

where where they are able to recognize that OCD beliefs are probably not true, to poor, where they think the OCD beliefs are true,

to absent or delusional, where they are completely convinced the OCD beliefs are true,

although a diagnosis of psychotic disorder should not be made on this basis alone.

A scale known as the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale is the most widely used scale to measure OCD symptoms,

with scores ranging from 0 to 40, with 40 being the most severe.

It features 5 questions each on obsessions and compulsions, and can be used to track the progress of treatment.

Overall, OCD treatment is largely divided into pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy first line.

However, 40% of patients fail to see a benefit from either of these.

Pharmacological therapy includes use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like sertraline, fluoxetine, or paroxetine.

However, clomipramine, which is a serotonin-specific tricyclic antidepressant is another option.

CBT is typically in the form of exposure and response prevention, where a number of triggers are identified and graded.

Then the patient is encouraged to expose themselves to them and then refrain from the compulsive rituals.

And as the symptoms improve, the more severe triggers are then targeted.

Second line agents include the addition of antipsychotics.

Patients are considered non-responders when there is no response to two SSRIs

and clomipramine taken for 12 weeks each with cognitive behavioral therapy.

下載應用

流利口語所需的一切

AI 發音評分逐句打分

音標練習掌握每個音

詞彙學習建立你的詞庫

詞彙遊戲邊玩邊學

掃碼

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

FOR YOU

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Explained Clearly (OCD) - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

下載應用

推薦影片

The Science & Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Huberman Lab Essentials

Other Corneal Disorders - CRASH! Medical Review Series

Your Brain Isn't Rotting. Here's What Doomscrolling Actually Does

Every Type of Phobia & Their Effects Explained

Psychiatrist vs Psychologist 💥 Career Battle (Which Should You Choose)

Huntington's Disease Overview with Francisco Cardoso

Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge

How Doctors Think (And Students Don't)

What it's like to have schizophrenia

RE3 Unit 6B

Obesity, Causes, SIgns and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Every Sleep Disorder & Their Effects Explained

背景與上下文

日常交流中的五個重要短語

逐步跟讀指南

什麼是跟讀法？