Shadowing Practice: The problem with Roberto De Zerbi's football - Learn English Speaking with Video
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For a long time, the received wisdom of football tactics was as follows.
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Attack big spaces, defend small spaces.
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This makes sense.
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You defend small spaces and attack open spaces because it makes the task of attacking and defending easier.
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Pep Guardiola's football, however, turned this logic on its head.
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Citing the inspiration of Marcela Bielsa, Guardiola's football sought instead to compact the space that you attacked and leave space behind you open to defend,
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defend, all through possessing the ball.
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The downsides are obvious – you leave a lot of space behind you to defend.
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But the upsides are that you get more players in attacking positions
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and that if you lose the ball you're actually quite far away from your own goal.
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Plus, you prepare a rest defence to deal with these situations.
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It might not sound that radical now, but this was the foundation for Guardiola's domination of the game.
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The problem is that you need an incredibly high level of technical
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and physical players in your squad in order to play this way.
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So, after years of attempting to imitate Guardiola's style, inevitably other coaches started to look back to the old received wisdom to interrogate it for new ideas.
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One of these coaches was the young Italian Roberto Di Zerbi.
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What follows is a story from the new book, The Spectre of Pep, How Guardiola Haunts Modern Football by John McKenzie.
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This was adapted for video, so is much shorter than the original, which contains far more detail and is is worth reading.
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You can find a link to buy the book in the description.
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The origin story of De Zerbi's tactical approach is told by
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one of the players he coached at Foggia right at the outset of his coaching career.
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Antonio Vacker had grown up a keen futsal and five-a-side player in Naples, the town where he was from.
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On the Neapolitan futsal courts, he developed a habit of controlling the ball with the sole of his foot, something that irked his coach at Foggia.
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At times, De Zerbi would stop a training session to lecture Vacker about his habit, telling him that it was fine to use his sole from time to time, but only when it was absolutely necessary.
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If he didn't need to, then he shouldn't.
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And for the most part, Wacker took the criticism on board and got on with practice.
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But on one occasion, he didn't.
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Wacker himself recounts the story.
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My teammates on the opposing side weren't stepping out to press me.
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So the coach kept telling me, pass it, move it.
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So I replied, coach, if our opponents on Sunday come here
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and play for a point and I move it without getting one of them to jump and press the ball, it's no use.
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I argued that if I put the sole of my foot on the ball and lured the opponent out, I've invited him to press me.
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As he does that, we can break the line with a pass."
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Calling out a coach like that in the middle of a practice session could have backfired, but eight years later Dezebbi would credit Wacker with having provided him with the tool through
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which to implement one of the fundamental principles of his tactical philosophy – baiting the press.
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The concept of press baiting is the in-possession counterpart to the out-of-possession concept of low blocking.
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Where the low block drags the opposition forward in their attempt to score a goal, the press bait drags the opposition forward in their attempt to win possession of the ball back.
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The result can be the same in both scenarios though, creating the conditions to attack large spaces, like the old logic says.
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De Zerbe had found a way to get the same benefits of low block encounter football, but without having to give up the ball to do so.
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When it comes to playing through the press, De Zerbi's teams use quick changes of tempo to aid them.
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He teaches his players to quickly calculate if they have a territorial overload
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or not by counting the number of defenders the opposition have in their backline.
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If Brighton, for example, have three attackers in their front line, but the opposition have four defenders in their backline,
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plus a goalkeeper, obviously, the Brighton players should instantly know that they have an extra player, as well as a goalkeeper, deeper in the field.
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In these instances, De Zerbi tells his team to develop the play slowly.
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If, however, the opposition only have three defenders in their backline, taking your goalkeeper out of the equation,
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you now know that you have a situation of numerical equality with their opposition.
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In these conditions, De Zerbi encourages his team to play vertically, essentially faster, longer balls, to try and take advantage of an improved balance up front,
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where your attackers are now 1v1 with their defenders.
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So baiting the press opens out the possibility of a return to the old logics – defend small spaces, attack big ones.
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But there are similarities to Guardiola's football.
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While Guardiola's teams have to break down a low block deep in the opponent's half, Di Zerbi's teams have to break a high press deep in their own half.
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For Guardiola, the opponent must be forced backwards into their own penalty area to elicit a form of control.
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For Di Zerbi, they must be pulled forwards to create space that could be exploited.
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However, there is a problem here.
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In Guardiola's case, the opponents are forced backwards.
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This is about imposing a state of affairs on the opposition.
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They must drop deeper.
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On the other hand, De Zerbi's approach provokes.
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In other words, success requires a voluntary action on the part of the opponent.
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The reality is, the success of De Zerbi's approach contains within itself the conditions of its own failure.
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What happens if the opposition stops accepting the bait in the first place?
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In these instances, without the opponent jumping up and looking to generate numerical equality against De Zerbi's build-up unit, the players are encouraged to build up less vertically,
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essentially adopting an approach to ball progression that you might expect to see a Guardiola team using.
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But De Zerbi's teams tend to be structured around the fundamentals of the vertical game, both in terms of tactical instruction and squad building.
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As a result, a team who are built to generate space through enticement will struggle when coming up against the low block.
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For example, when Dezerbi was at Brighton, both David Moyes' West Ham and Sean Dyches' Everton caused him problems with a well-structured lower block,
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which could quickly decompress into dangerous fast attacks running through the wide channels.
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In the end, then, Dezerbi finds himself caught between these two modes.
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The better his team has become at creating at exploiting space through baiting, the more likely his opponents will be to refuse to allow them any space,
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and the effectiveness of his approach gradually reduces.
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At Brighton, a 6th placed finish in his first season was followed up by an 11th placed finish in his second,
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as more and more teams refused to acquiesce to the provocation.
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If De Zerbe, at an elite club, had access to the kinds of resources needed to overcome the tactical problems his system produces, it could be different.
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Until then, though, he will continue to remain the victim of his own success.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “The problem with Roberto De Zerbi's football”. Las palabras que más se repiten: space, ball, press, opposition, player. Este vídeo tiene 76 frases y 1248 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:36. El hablante habla rápido, unas 189 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| bait sustantivo | /beɪt/ | carnada, cebo |
| tactical adjetivo | /ˈtæktɪk(ə)l/ | táctico, estratégico |
| goalkeeper sustantivo | /ˈɡoʊl.kiːpɚ/ | arquero, golero |
| futsal sustantivo | /ˈfʊtsæl/ | futsal, fútbol sala |
| vertically adverbio | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/ | verticalmente |
| attacker sustantivo | /əˈtækɚ/ | atacante, asaltante |
| numerical adjetivo | /n(j)uːˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kəl/ | guarismo |
| backward adjetivo | /ˈbækwɚd/ | retrógrado |
| exploit sustantivo | /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ | hazaña, proeza |
| acquiesce verbo | /ˌækwiˈɛs/ | aquiescer, ser aquiescente con |
| backfire verbo | /bækˈfaɪə(ɹ)/ | petardear |
| decompress verbo | /diːkəmˈpɹɛs/ | descomprimir |
| elicit verbo | /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ | suscitar, elicitar |
| imitate verbo | /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ | imitar |
| interrogate verbo | /ɪnˈtɛɹəɡeɪt/ | interrogar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| break down verbo | descomponerse, averiarse |
| call out verbo | especificar |
| follow up verbo | dar seguimiento, dar un seguimiento |
| get on with verbo | hacer, realizar |
| give up verbo | rendirse, entregar |
| grow up verbo | crecer |
| run through verbo | resumir |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was adapted · is told · must be forced |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | I've invited · has become |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 6 contracciones y formas reducidas, como didn't, I've, shouldn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, domination /ˌdɑːməˈneɪʃən/, progression /pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, numerical /n(j)uːˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kəl/, interrogate /ɪnˈtɛɹəɡeɪt/, provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/, provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/, provoke /pɹəˈvəʊk/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: oppose /əˈpoʊz/, possess /pəˈzɛs/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como bait, tactical, goalkeeper.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.