Практика Shadowing: The problem with Roberto De Zerbi's football - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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For a long time, the received wisdom of football tactics was as follows.
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Attack big spaces, defend small spaces.
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This makes sense.
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You defend small spaces and attack open spaces because it makes the task of attacking and defending easier.
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Pep Guardiola's football, however, turned this logic on its head.
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Citing the inspiration of Marcela Bielsa, Guardiola's football sought instead to compact the space that you attacked and leave space behind you open to defend,
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defend, all through possessing the ball.
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The downsides are obvious – you leave a lot of space behind you to defend.
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But the upsides are that you get more players in attacking positions
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and that if you lose the ball you're actually quite far away from your own goal.
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Plus, you prepare a rest defence to deal with these situations.
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It might not sound that radical now, but this was the foundation for Guardiola's domination of the game.
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The problem is that you need an incredibly high level of technical
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and physical players in your squad in order to play this way.
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So, after years of attempting to imitate Guardiola's style, inevitably other coaches started to look back to the old received wisdom to interrogate it for new ideas.
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One of these coaches was the young Italian Roberto Di Zerbi.
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What follows is a story from the new book, The Spectre of Pep, How Guardiola Haunts Modern Football by John McKenzie.
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This was adapted for video, so is much shorter than the original, which contains far more detail and is is worth reading.
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You can find a link to buy the book in the description.
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The origin story of De Zerbi's tactical approach is told by
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one of the players he coached at Foggia right at the outset of his coaching career.
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Antonio Vacker had grown up a keen futsal and five-a-side player in Naples, the town where he was from.
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On the Neapolitan futsal courts, he developed a habit of controlling the ball with the sole of his foot, something that irked his coach at Foggia.
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At times, De Zerbi would stop a training session to lecture Vacker about his habit, telling him that it was fine to use his sole from time to time, but only when it was absolutely necessary.
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If he didn't need to, then he shouldn't.
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And for the most part, Wacker took the criticism on board and got on with practice.
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But on one occasion, he didn't.
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Wacker himself recounts the story.
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My teammates on the opposing side weren't stepping out to press me.
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So the coach kept telling me, pass it, move it.
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So I replied, coach, if our opponents on Sunday come here
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and play for a point and I move it without getting one of them to jump and press the ball, it's no use.
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I argued that if I put the sole of my foot on the ball and lured the opponent out, I've invited him to press me.
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As he does that, we can break the line with a pass."
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Calling out a coach like that in the middle of a practice session could have backfired, but eight years later Dezebbi would credit Wacker with having provided him with the tool through
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which to implement one of the fundamental principles of his tactical philosophy – baiting the press.
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The concept of press baiting is the in-possession counterpart to the out-of-possession concept of low blocking.
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Where the low block drags the opposition forward in their attempt to score a goal, the press bait drags the opposition forward in their attempt to win possession of the ball back.
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The result can be the same in both scenarios though, creating the conditions to attack large spaces, like the old logic says.
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De Zerbe had found a way to get the same benefits of low block encounter football, but without having to give up the ball to do so.
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When it comes to playing through the press, De Zerbi's teams use quick changes of tempo to aid them.
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He teaches his players to quickly calculate if they have a territorial overload
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or not by counting the number of defenders the opposition have in their backline.
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If Brighton, for example, have three attackers in their front line, but the opposition have four defenders in their backline,
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plus a goalkeeper, obviously, the Brighton players should instantly know that they have an extra player, as well as a goalkeeper, deeper in the field.
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In these instances, De Zerbi tells his team to develop the play slowly.
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If, however, the opposition only have three defenders in their backline, taking your goalkeeper out of the equation,
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you now know that you have a situation of numerical equality with their opposition.
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In these conditions, De Zerbi encourages his team to play vertically, essentially faster, longer balls, to try and take advantage of an improved balance up front,
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where your attackers are now 1v1 with their defenders.
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So baiting the press opens out the possibility of a return to the old logics – defend small spaces, attack big ones.
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But there are similarities to Guardiola's football.
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While Guardiola's teams have to break down a low block deep in the opponent's half, Di Zerbi's teams have to break a high press deep in their own half.
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For Guardiola, the opponent must be forced backwards into their own penalty area to elicit a form of control.
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For Di Zerbi, they must be pulled forwards to create space that could be exploited.
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However, there is a problem here.
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In Guardiola's case, the opponents are forced backwards.
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This is about imposing a state of affairs on the opposition.
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They must drop deeper.
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On the other hand, De Zerbi's approach provokes.
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In other words, success requires a voluntary action on the part of the opponent.
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The reality is, the success of De Zerbi's approach contains within itself the conditions of its own failure.
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What happens if the opposition stops accepting the bait in the first place?
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In these instances, without the opponent jumping up and looking to generate numerical equality against De Zerbi's build-up unit, the players are encouraged to build up less vertically,
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essentially adopting an approach to ball progression that you might expect to see a Guardiola team using.
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But De Zerbi's teams tend to be structured around the fundamentals of the vertical game, both in terms of tactical instruction and squad building.
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As a result, a team who are built to generate space through enticement will struggle when coming up against the low block.
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For example, when Dezerbi was at Brighton, both David Moyes' West Ham and Sean Dyches' Everton caused him problems with a well-structured lower block,
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which could quickly decompress into dangerous fast attacks running through the wide channels.
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In the end, then, Dezerbi finds himself caught between these two modes.
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The better his team has become at creating at exploiting space through baiting, the more likely his opponents will be to refuse to allow them any space,
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and the effectiveness of his approach gradually reduces.
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At Brighton, a 6th placed finish in his first season was followed up by an 11th placed finish in his second,
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as more and more teams refused to acquiesce to the provocation.
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If De Zerbe, at an elite club, had access to the kinds of resources needed to overcome the tactical problems his system produces, it could be different.
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Until then, though, he will continue to remain the victim of his own success.
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Почему стоит практиковать речь на этом видео?
Это видео — отличная возможность для shadowing английский: здесь есть живой разговор о тактике футбола, с логичным развитием мыслей и разнообразными выражениями. Практика shadow speak на таком материале поможет улучшить понимание быстрой речи и научиться выражать сложные идеи ясно. К тому же, тема близка многим, что делает процесс запоминания легким и увлекательным.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
- "turned this logic on its head" — идиома, означающая "превратить логику вспять". Полезна для выражения радикальных изменений: "Новый подход к обучению перевернул логику классических методов вспять".
- "citing the inspiration of" — "ссылаясь на вдохновение от". Удобно в разговорах о влиянии: "Он создал свой стиль, ссылаясь на вдохновение от знаменитых художников".
- "taking your goalkeeper out of the equation" — "исключая вратаря из расчета". Идеально для объяснений: "При планировании игры нужно исключить внешние факторы из расчета".
Трудности в произношении
В видео есть слова, которые могут сбить с толку. Например, Guardiola (гвардиола) — правильно произносить с ударением на первом слоге. De Zerbi (де церби) — не пропускайте "е" в середине. Также обращите внимание на "baiting the press" (бейтинг пресс) — здесь "press" произносится как "прес" (нажим), а не "прэсс" (газета). Для улучшения произношения английского используйте shadowing site и повторяйте фразы после спикера, копируя интонацию и темп.
Практика shadowspeaks на этом видео поможет не только усвоить новые выражения, но и научиться говорить уверенно на темы, которые вас интересуют. Начните прямо сейчас — результат не заставит себя ждать!
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | was adapted · is told · must be forced |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | I've invited · has become |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.