Shadowing Practice: Understanding Cervical Ectropion / Cervical Erosion - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi, this is Tom from zerodefinals .com.
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In this video, I'm going to be going through cervical ectropion.
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And you can find written notes on this topic at zerodefinals .com slash
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ectropion or in the gynecology section of the Zerodefinals Obstetrics and Gynae book.
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So let's jump straight in.
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Cervical ectropion can also be called cervical ectopy and cervical erosion.
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Cervical ectropion occurs when the columnar epithelium of the endocervix, which is the canal of the cervix,
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has extended out to the ectocervix, which is the outer area of the cervix that you can see on a speculum examination.
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This means the lining of the endocervix becomes visible on examination of the cervix using a speculum.
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This lining has a slightly different appearance to the normal ectocervix.
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The cells of the endocervix, which are columnar epithelial cells, are more fragile and prone to trauma.
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They're more likely to bleed with sexual intercourse.
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This means cervical ectropion often present with post -coital bleeding.
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Cervical ectropion is associated with higher estrogen levels
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and therefore it's more common in younger women
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and women on the combined contraceptive pill and also during pregnancy when there are higher circulating estrogen levels.
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Next let's talk about the transformation zone
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and the transformation zone is the border between the columnar epithelium of the endocervix
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or the canal and the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix
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which is the outer area of the cervix that you can see on a speculum examination.
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The transformation zone is essentially a border between the two types of epithelium.
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When the transformation zone is located on the ectocervix,
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it's visible during a speculum examination as a well -demarcated border between the two epithelial types.
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Let's talk about the presentation.
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Many cervical ectropion are asymptomatic and they're found incidentally during a speculum examination for another reason, for example during a smear test.
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Ectropion may present with increased vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding or dysparanunia which is pain during sex
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Intercourse is a common cause of minor trauma to the ectropion triggering episodes of post -coital bleeding
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Examination of the cervix will reveal a well demarcated border between the redder velvety columnar epithelium
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that extends from the endocervix through the os, or the opening of the cervix,
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and the pale pink squamous epithelium of the ectocervix, which covers the rest of the cervix.
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This border is the transformation zone.
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A tom tip for you, it's worth looking up photographs of cervical ectropion and becoming familiar with their appearance.
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They're very common to see on speculum examination and could look alarming the first time you see one.
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Ectropion are not associated with cervical cancer in any way.
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It's worth getting familiar with distinguishing them from the appearance of cervical cancer.
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If you see one, always ask about smears and if you're in any doubt,
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get a senior opinion and consider referral for a colposcopy to look at the ectropion in detail.
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Finally, let's talk about management.
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Asymptomatic ectropion require no treatment.
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Ectropion will typically resolve as the patient gets older, stops taking the combined pill or is no longer pregnant.
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Having a cervical ectropion is not a contraindication to starting the combined contraceptive pill.
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Problematic bleeding is an indication for treatment of cervical ectropion
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and treatment involves cauterization of the ectropion using silver nitrate or cold coagulation during colposcopy.
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Thank you for watching this video.
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If you liked the video, left a comment or subscribe to the channel, thank you so much, it really helps.
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Zero to Finals is not just a YouTube channel, there's also a website with detailed notes,
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illustrations and questions, an Instagram account where new questions are posted every day to help you test your knowledge,
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books, flashcards and much more.
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I also have a personal channel where I share my thoughts
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and tips on learning medicine and you can find links to everything in the description of this video.
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See you next time.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Understanding Cervical Ectropion / Cervical Erosion”. Las palabras que más se repiten: ectropion, cervical, cervix, examination, epithelium. Este vídeo tiene 51 frases y 652 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:53. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 134 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 71 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| examination sustantivo | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | examen, examinación |
| transformation sustantivo | /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | transformación |
| bleed verbo | /ˈbliːd/ | desangrar |
| combine verbo | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combinar, juntar |
| pill sustantivo | /pɪl/ | píldora, pastilla |
| associate sustantivo | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | asociado |
| visible adjetivo | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | visible |
| extend verbo | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | extenderse, ampliarse |
| canal sustantivo | /kəˈnæl/ | canal, caz |
| trauma sustantivo | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | traumatismo |
| intercourse sustantivo | /ˈɪn.tɚˌkɔɹs/ | conversación |
| topic sustantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tema, tópico |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | ocurrir |
| reveal verbo | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | revelar, propalar |
| essentially adverbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | esencialmente, en esencia |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go through verbo | atravesar | |
| look up verbo | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | mejorar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | be called · is associated · is located |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | endocervix, which is · ectocervix, which is · endocervix, which are |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, I'm, you're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: speculum /ˈspɛk.jə.ləm/, smear /smiɚ/, squamous /ˈskweɪ.məs/, stratify /ˈstratɪfʌɪ/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, cervix /ˈsɝ.vɪks/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, cauterization /ˌkɔːtəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como examination, transformation, bleed.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.