Prática de Shadowing: Understanding Cervical Ectropion / Cervical Erosion - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Hi, this is Tom from zerodefinals .com.
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In this video, I'm going to be going through cervical ectropion.
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And you can find written notes on this topic at zerodefinals .com slash
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ectropion or in the gynecology section of the Zerodefinals Obstetrics and Gynae book.
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So let's jump straight in.
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Cervical ectropion can also be called cervical ectopy and cervical erosion.
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Cervical ectropion occurs when the columnar epithelium of the endocervix, which is the canal of the cervix,
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has extended out to the ectocervix, which is the outer area of the cervix that you can see on a speculum examination.
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This means the lining of the endocervix becomes visible on examination of the cervix using a speculum.
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This lining has a slightly different appearance to the normal ectocervix.
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The cells of the endocervix, which are columnar epithelial cells, are more fragile and prone to trauma.
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They're more likely to bleed with sexual intercourse.
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This means cervical ectropion often present with post -coital bleeding.
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Cervical ectropion is associated with higher estrogen levels
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and therefore it's more common in younger women
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and women on the combined contraceptive pill and also during pregnancy when there are higher circulating estrogen levels.
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Next let's talk about the transformation zone
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and the transformation zone is the border between the columnar epithelium of the endocervix
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or the canal and the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix
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which is the outer area of the cervix that you can see on a speculum examination.
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The transformation zone is essentially a border between the two types of epithelium.
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When the transformation zone is located on the ectocervix,
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it's visible during a speculum examination as a well -demarcated border between the two epithelial types.
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Let's talk about the presentation.
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Many cervical ectropion are asymptomatic and they're found incidentally during a speculum examination for another reason, for example during a smear test.
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Ectropion may present with increased vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding or dysparanunia which is pain during sex
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Intercourse is a common cause of minor trauma to the ectropion triggering episodes of post -coital bleeding
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Examination of the cervix will reveal a well demarcated border between the redder velvety columnar epithelium
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that extends from the endocervix through the os, or the opening of the cervix,
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and the pale pink squamous epithelium of the ectocervix, which covers the rest of the cervix.
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This border is the transformation zone.
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A tom tip for you, it's worth looking up photographs of cervical ectropion and becoming familiar with their appearance.
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They're very common to see on speculum examination and could look alarming the first time you see one.
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Ectropion are not associated with cervical cancer in any way.
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It's worth getting familiar with distinguishing them from the appearance of cervical cancer.
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If you see one, always ask about smears and if you're in any doubt,
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get a senior opinion and consider referral for a colposcopy to look at the ectropion in detail.
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Finally, let's talk about management.
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Asymptomatic ectropion require no treatment.
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Ectropion will typically resolve as the patient gets older, stops taking the combined pill or is no longer pregnant.
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Having a cervical ectropion is not a contraindication to starting the combined contraceptive pill.
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Problematic bleeding is an indication for treatment of cervical ectropion
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and treatment involves cauterization of the ectropion using silver nitrate or cold coagulation during colposcopy.
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Thank you for watching this video.
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If you liked the video, left a comment or subscribe to the channel, thank you so much, it really helps.
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Zero to Finals is not just a YouTube channel, there's also a website with detailed notes,
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illustrations and questions, an Instagram account where new questions are posted every day to help you test your knowledge,
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books, flashcards and much more.
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I also have a personal channel where I share my thoughts
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and tips on learning medicine and you can find links to everything in the description of this video.
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See you next time.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Understanding Cervical Ectropion / Cervical Erosion”. As palavras que mais se repetem: ectropion, cervical, cervix, examination, epithelium. Este vídeo tem 51 frases e 652 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:53. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 134 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 71% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| examination substantivo | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | exame |
| transformation substantivo | /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | transformação |
| bleed verbo | /ˈbliːd/ | sangrar |
| combine verbo | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combinar |
| pill substantivo | /pɪl/ | comprimido, pílula |
| associate substantivo | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | associado |
| visible adjetivo | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | visível |
| extend verbo | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | estender, ampliar |
| canal substantivo | /kəˈnæl/ | canal |
| trauma substantivo | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | traumatismo |
| intercourse substantivo | /ˈɪn.tɚˌkɔɹs/ | comunicação |
| topic substantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tópico, assunto |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | ocorrer, acontecer |
| reveal verbo | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | revelar |
| essentially advérbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | em essência, essencialmente |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be called · is associated · is located |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | endocervix, which is · ectocervix, which is · endocervix, which are |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, I'm, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: bleed /ˈbliːd/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: pill /pɪl/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, canal /kəˈnæl/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, pale /peɪl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: speculum /ˈspɛk.jə.ləm/, smear /smiɚ/, squamous /ˈskweɪ.məs/, stratify /ˈstratɪfʌɪ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como examination, transformation, bleed.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.