Pratique du Shadowing: American English Pronunciation: Intonation - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Today I'm going to talk about intonation.
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I've touched on this subject in various other videos without ever explicitly defining it, and today that's what we're going to do.
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But I'm also going to reference these other videos, and I really encourage you to go watch those as well.
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If you've seen my videos on word stress, then you've already heard me talk a little bit about pitch.
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Stressed syllables will be higher in pitch, and often a little longer and a little louder than unstressed syllables.
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And there are certain words that will have a stress within a sentence.
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Content words.
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And certain words that will generally be unstressed, and those are function words.
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For more information on that, I invite you to watch those videos those.
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Intonation is the idea that these different pitches across a phrase form a pattern, and that those patterns characterize speech.
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In American English, statements tend to start higher in pitch and end lower in pitch.
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You know this if you've seen my video, Questions Versus Statements.
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In that video, we learned that statements, me, go down in pitch, and questions, me?
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Go up and pitch at the end.
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So these pitch patterns across a phrase that characterize a language are little melodies.
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And the melodies of American English will be very different than, for example, the melodies of Chinese.
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If you haven't already seen the blog I did on the podcast Musical Language, I encourage you to take a look at that.
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It It talks about the melody of speech.
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Understanding and using correct intonation is a very important part to sounding natural.
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Even if you're making the correct sounds of American English, but you're speaking in the speech patterns or the intonation of another language,
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it will still sound very foreign.
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Intonation can also convey meaning or an opinion, an attitude.
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Let's take, for example, the statement, I'm dropping out of school, and the response, are you serious?
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Are you serious?
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A question going up in pitch, conveys perhaps an open attitude, concern for the person.
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Are you serious?
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But, are you serious?
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Down in pitch, more which you would expect of a statement.
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Are you serious?
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The same words, but when and it is intoned this way.
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It is conveying a judgement.
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Are you serious?
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A negative one.
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I don't agree that you should be dropping out of school.
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I'm dropping out of school.
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Are you serious?
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I'm dropping out of school.
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Are you serious?
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With the same words, very different meanings can be conveyed.
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So intonation is the stress pattern, the pitch pattern of speech.
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The melody of speech.
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If you've read my bio on my website, you know that melody is something I'm especially keen on as I studied music through the master's level.
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Yes, that was yours truly, thinking a lot about melody.
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Now you know that in American English, statements will tend to go down in pitch.
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Let's look at some examples.
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Here Here we see two short sentences.
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Today it's sunny.
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I wish I'd been there.
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And you can see for both of them that the pitch goes down throughout the sentence.
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Here we have two longer sentences, and though there is some up and down throughout the sentences, for both sentences the lowest point is at the end.
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I'm going to France next month to visit at a friend who's studying there.
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It's finally starting to feel like spring in New York.
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The software I used to look at the pitch of those sentences is called Pratt, and there's a link in the footer of my website.
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So it's at the very bottom of every page.
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I hope you're getting a feel for how important intonation is to sounding natural and native in American English.
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I hope you'll listen for this as you listen to native speakers, and that if you haven't already done so, that you'll go to my website and do some of those imitation exercises
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which loop patterns of speech
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so you hear them several times to get the melody in your ear before you're asked to repeat.
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That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « American English Pronunciation: Intonation ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : pitch, serious, intonation, pattern, sentence. Cette vidéo contient 59 phrases et 697 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:46. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 146 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 9 de ses 59 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| melody nom | /ˈmɛl.ə.di/ | mélodie |
| intonation nom | /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/ | intonation |
| convey verbe | /kənˈveɪ/ | transporter |
| distress nom | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | détresse |
| characterize verbe | /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/ | caractériser, dépeindre |
| syllable nom | /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ | syllabe |
| unstressed adjectif | /ʌnˈstɹɛst/ | non accentué, inaccentué |
| phrase nom | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | expression |
| footer nom | /ˈfʊtə(ɹ)/ | pied de page |
| imitation nom | /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/ | imitation |
| explicitly adverbe | explicitement | |
| sunny adjectif | /ˈsʌni/ | ensoleillé |
| podcast nom | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | podcast, balado |
| judgment nom | /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ | jugement |
| loop nom | /luːp/ | boucle |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go down verbe | descendre |
| go up verbe | monter, s'élever |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Today I'm going to talk about intonation.
- I'm dropping out of school.
- Let's look at some examples.
- I wish I'd been there.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've touched · you've seen · haven't already seen |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be unstressed · is intoned · can be conveyed |
| Présent continu am/is/are + -ing — ce qui se passe en ce moment | you're making · I'm dropping · is conveying |
| Futur avec « will » will + verbe — une décision, une promesse ou une prédiction | will be · will have · will generally be |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 23 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, you're, you've. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/, imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/, characterize /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/, imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/, characterize /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/, unstressed /ʌnˈstɹɛst/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, footer /ˈfʊtə(ɹ)/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme melody, intonation, convey.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.