Pratique du Shadowing: Breast Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances Comparison | BI-RADS Classification USG - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube
C1
hello everyone this is dr sam and today we will study breast ultrasound image appearances here we
94 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
hello everyone this is dr sam and today we will study breast ultrasound image appearances here we
2
have the images of normal breast the uppermost layer is the skin this is the hyperechoic
3
layer and below that is the subcutaneous zone it is usually hypoechoic as compared to the tissues
4
below and the largest region is the mammary zone it usually has mixed echogenicity most
5
of the pathologies occur in this zone and this hyperechoic area is the fibro glandular tissue
6
these hyperechoic slanted or diagonal lines are cooper ligaments this striated structure
7
is the pectoral muscle the retro memory zone lies between the pectoral muscle and the memory zone
8
usually it appears smaller because it is compressed due to probe pressure
9
and this shadowing over here is due to the rib here we have more images of normal breast
10
we can see the three zones and the fibro glandular tissue which is hyperechoic usually the
11
retro memory zone is below this fibroglandular tissue but it is not always the case
12
breast pathologies can be classified by using a system known as bi-rads
13
it stands for breast imaging reporting and data system in total it has seven categories
14
in bi-rads 0 we need further images we need more scans such as mammograms or ultrasound scans
15
bi-rads 1 is for normal breast tissue where there is no mass or no distortion
16
no lesion both these images are by reds one
17
a simple cyst will appear as an anechoic structure with posterior enhancement the cyst will be round
18
or ovoid with a smooth hyperechoic border it is classified as bi-rads 2 which is benign
19
a complicated cyst will have fat fluid levels and internal echoes
20
these are fat fluid levels the low density fluid is at the top and the high density fat
21
is at the bottom now these cysts may resemble malignant lesions that is why a follow-up is needed examples of complicated cysts include oil cysts and galactocysts
22
a fibroadenoma is a benign tumor which will appear as a hypoechoic round or ovoid mass
23
it may have a hyperechoic rim known as a pseudo capsule and it has a parallel orientation it is
24
wider than tall you can see it is wider instead of being taller this is a sign of benign lesion
25
it is classified as bi-rads 2 which is benign however routine screening mammography should be
26
done here we have another image of fibroadenoma it has a smooth border it may have calcifications
27
you can see the pseudo capsule here and it has a parallel orientation it is wider than tall
28
a lipoma will appear as a hyperechoic rounded mass usually hyperechoic rounded masses are benign it
29
has a bi-rads score of two despite this appearance routine screening mammography should be done
30
hyperechoic masses that are ovoid rounded or well circumscribed are usually benign another benign
31
feature is the parallel orientation in which it is wider than tall examples include angio lipoma
32
hemangioma hamartoma they usually appear as hyperechoic masses with a hyperechoic border
33
here we have an image of intra memory lymph node they have a hypoechoic outer cortex
34
this is the cortex and a hyperechoic central mediastinum
35
which is hyperechoic usually due to fat they are classified as bi-rads 2
36
a neurofibroma is a rare benign tumor
37
which appears as a hypoechoic mass with posterior enhancement now it is very tricky because it resembles a cyst so it can be misdiagnosed very easily but it is a rare lesion
38
a sebaceous cyst is a complex cyst which is present closer to the skin
39
here you can see it is present just below the skin and it is even involving the skin so this superficial location can help us in diagnosing sebaceous cyst it is classified as bi-rads 2
40
a simple cyst containing a small hyperechoic calculus
41
is usually a milk of calcium cyst these cysts are also benign
42
egg shell calcifications are small calcifications which may have shadowing if they are a bit dense
43
they have a bi-rads score of two complex cysts are rated as bi-rads 3 because they need a follow-up exam usually thin hyperechoic septations
44
are benign but they still need a follow-up so that is why it is rated as bi-rads 3
45
clustered microcysts will have a group of cysts clustered together the diameter is less than three millimeters and septations may be present it is rated as bi-rads 3 because follow-up is required
46
fat necrosis has a variety of appearances in the acute phase the lesion is new so it may appear as a hyperechoic lesion due to edema fat necrosis
47
appearances overlap with malignant lesions so a follow-up is required so it is rated as bi-rads 3
48
fat necrosis enters late stage after 1.5 years
49
it will have calcified walls which give posterior acoustic shadowing
50
now we move on to bi-rads categories which have chance of malignancy bi-rads 4 has 3 sub-categories
51
in 4a the chance of malignancy is between 2 to 10 percent b is 10 to 49 and 4c is 50 to 94 percent
52
bi-rads 5 has greater than 95 percent chance of malignancy
53
and bi-rads 6 is a biopsy proven malignancy usually hypoechoic masses with irregular walls or a speculated appearance are malignant and they have a taller than wide orientation
54
here we have a case of lymph node metastasis
55
we are comparing it with a non-malignant lymph node the cortex is very thick
56
which gives it an abnormally hyperechoic appearance it is usually a sign of malignancy
57
intraductal papilloma is not very common its appearance usually involves dilated ducts
58
and a well-defined nodule it is rated as bi-rads 4 and biopsy is advised
59
intracystic papillary carcinoma consists of a complex cyst with a thick mural based nodule
60
this nodule will be attached to the wall it will not move around
61
here we have another image of intra-cystic papillary carcinoma this one has a thick isoechoic septation as well these thick isoechoic septations are usually a sign of malignancy as opposed to the
62
thin hyperechoic septation which is usually benign and here is a large thick mural nodule
63
ductal carcinoma in situ will have hypoechoic masses which will be micro lobulated which means they have these type of outpouchings and there is no enhancement which means it is a solid mass
64
in this image the mass involves the ducts so it appears elongated
65
usually these hypoechoic masses involving the duct are ductal carcinoma in situ
66
invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer it also has variable appearances
67
one of them is a circumscribed mass
68
hypoechoic mass with some calcifications which are usually invasive ductal carcinoma
69
here we have another case of invasive ductal carcinoma
70
we have an ill-defined hypoechoic mass and it has a non-parallel orientation it is taller than wide
71
the ap diameter will be more than the horizontal measurement it also has posterior shadowing which is usually a sign of grade 1 invasive ductal carcinoma but it is not always the case
72
here we have invasive ductal carcinoma with posterior acoustic enhancement
73
this enhancement is usually a sign of a higher grade cancer
74
it also has a speculated appearance suggesting a malignant lesion it is rated as bi-rads 4c
75
here we have another image of invasive ductal carcinoma
76
showing us a circumscribed hyperechoic mass with uniform internal echoes
77
it also has posterior enhancement suggesting a high grade cancer you can see that invasive ductal carcinoma has lots of appearances ultimately it is confirmed with biopsy
78
mastitis is the inflammation of breast tissue its appearances consists of hyperechoic fat lobules
79
and some hypoechoic areas another distinguishing feature is that it has thickened skin here you can see the skin is very thick as compared to the normal image these are the features of mastitis
80
duct ectasia involves dilated duct with branching tubular anechoic structures
81
with the diameter measuring more than two millimeters
82
the normal ducts are somewhat difficult to visualize they usually have mixed echoes
83
here we have a case of infected and inflamed cyst has thick isoechoic walls
84
and it has dependent debris which means this debris will settle down due to gravity
85
this is the gravity dependent side this debris will move in accordance with the patient position
86
this debris will move using this feature we can differentiate it from a neural nodule
87
another feature is seen on doppler it is the presence of increased blood flow in the thick wall
88
a normal breast implant is anechoic with a double layered hyperechoic shell
89
and these are the normal breast tissues in an implant rupture we have a step ladder sign
90
which are linear horizontal hyperechoic bands representing force of a collapsed shell
91
it suggests intracapsular rupture
92
a silicone granuloma suggests extra capsular rupture and gives us a snowstorm sign in this we have a hyperechoic circumscribed superficial border
93
with dirty posterior shadowing this shadowing is grayish
94
thank you so much for watching please subscribe and stay tuned for more imaging videos
Télécharger l'application
Notation IA pour chaque phrase que vous prononcez
TRENDING
Populaires
Context & Background
In the video titled "Breast Ultrasound Normal Vs Abnormal Image Appearances Comparison | BI-RADS Classification USG," Dr. Sam provides an insightful overview of breast ultrasound imaging. This includes detailed explanations of normal and abnormal breast tissue appearances, the classifications of various breast conditions, and the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) classification system. This comprehensive study can serve as an excellent learning resource for healthcare professionals as well as those interested in the technical aspects of ultrasound imaging. Additionally, English learners can benefit from engaging with this material to enhance their language skills in a specialized medical context.
Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication
- Hyperechoic layer: Refers to areas that reflect more ultrasound waves, appearing brighter on the image.
- Benign tumor: A non-cancerous growth that does not threaten health.
- Posterior enhancement: A phenomenon in ultrasound where the area behind a fluid-filled cyst appears brighter.
- Follow-up exam: Further examinations needed to monitor changes in health status.
- Complex cyst: A cyst with varying internal compositions, often needing additional evaluation.
Step-by-step Shadowing Guide
To effectively learn English with YouTube videos like this one, employ the shadowing technique. Here’s how you can implement this approach using the video's content:
- Watch and Listen: Begin by watching the video without attempting to repeat. Familiarize yourself with the terminology and Dr. Sam's speaking pace.
- Pause and Repeat: Play short segments of the video, pausing after each sentence. Attempt to repeat Dr. Sam's words as closely as possible, mimicking his intonation and pronunciation.
- Check Understanding: Clarify any difficult phrases by either looking them up or revisiting the segment. Utilize resources like a shadowing app or transcripts to aid your understanding.
- Practice Aloud: Speak along with the video, focusing on rhythm and enunciation. This can significantly improve your speaking skills for contexts such as IELTS speaking practice.
- Record Yourself: Capture your voice while shadowing and compare it to Dr. Sam’s delivery. Identifying differences will help refine your accent and fluency.
By using the combination of structured learning and the shadowing technique, English learners can enhance their speaking skills and gain a deeper understanding of specialized terminologies found in medical contexts. Try integrating these practices with tools like Shadowspeak to maximize your learning experience!
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.
☕ Offrez-nous un café
ShadowingEnglish reste 100% gratuit grâce à votre soutien. Les coûts des serveurs et de l'IA sont élevés — votre café nous aide à continuer ! 🙏