Pratique du Shadowing: Chimpanzee Behaviours Đề thi IELTS LISTENING actual test (thi ngày 3/1/2023) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Welcome back to my series of short lectures on apes.
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Today we will examine recent and historical breakthroughs on the behaviour of chimpanzees,
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otherwise known as chimps.
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The word chimpanzee is an umbrella term for two different species of apes in the genus Pan which are the common chimpanzee,
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or pantroglodytes, found in western-central Africa,
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and the bonobo, or panpaniscus,
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which are found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Chimpanzees belong to the hominidai family,
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together with gorillas, orangutans, and indeed humans.
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Current research tells us that the chimps broke away from the human branch of the hominidai family,
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approximately six million years ago and remain the closest living relative to humans to this day.
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More modern researchers into chimpanzees have centred on their behavioural characteristics once all biological and genetic factors have been ruled out.
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In this way, scientists have unearthed an unfathomable amount of similarities between human and chimpanzee behaviour.
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Although much of this research has taken place through observation of captive chimps,
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the results are widely seen as an authoritative reflection of chimps living in the wild.
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Chimps live in large so-called communities,
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comprised of many male and female members,
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with the social hierarchy determined by an individual chimp's position and influence.
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Through such research, scientists have found that chimps learn and adapt through observation of others' behaviour.
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Once in power, the alpha male is often seen to alter its body language in order to retain power.
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For example, he might puff himself up in order to intimidate others,
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while lower-ranking chimps are noted to behave more submissively and holding out their hands while grunting.
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Female chimpanzees also have a distinct social hierarchy,
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with high social standing inherited by children.
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It is not unheard of for dominant females within a community to unite and overthrow the alpha male,
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backing another in his place.
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James Diamond, in his book The Third Chimpanzee,
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suggests that chimps should now be reclassified in the genus Homo instead of Pan,
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and there are many arguments still in favour of this.
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Male common chimpanzees are on average 1.7 metres in height,
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weighing 70 kilograms, with their female counterparts being somewhat smaller.
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By comparison, the bonobo is slightly shorter and lighter,
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but with longer arms and legs.
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However, both species walk on all fours and climb trees with great ease.
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Jane Goodall made a groundbreaking discovery in 1960 when she observed the use of tools among chimpanzees,
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including digging for termites with large sticks.
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A recent study claimed to reveal that common chimpanzees in Senegal have been using spears sharpened with their teeth to hunt.
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However, these reports remain unsubstantiated.
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Researchers have witnessed such tools,
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namely rocks, being used by chimps to open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with stone hammers.
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As scientific technology has developed,
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so too has our knowledge of the sheer extent of the chimps' intelligence.
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Research has now shown that chimps have the capability to learn and use symbols and understand aspects of the human language,
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including syntax as well as numerical sequences.
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As I mentioned earlier, the umbrella term chimpanzee is comprised of the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
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These two subspecies are divided along the Congo River,
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with the common chimps living on one side,
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and the bonobos living on the opposite side of the river.
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Over the past few decades,
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both of these subspecies have witnessed an alarming decrease in population density,
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with animal activists now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation. In addition,
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next week's episode will focus more closely on how chimpanzees in
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captivity are able to learn things through imitating the behaviour of humans,
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as well as how chimpanzees' behaviours have developed over many generations.
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Thank you very much for attending this evening's lecture.
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I hope you found it intellectually stimulating,
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and I look forward to seeing you again next week.
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Good night.
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That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you will now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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Why practice speaking with this video?

Watching and listening to the video about chimpanzee behaviour offers an engaging context for learners to improve their English speaking skills. By integrating fascinating content into your studies, you'll not only enhance your vocabulary but also gain insights into animal behaviour, making learning enjoyable. Discussing the intricacies of chimpanzee interactions and their social structure allows for rich conversational practice. Consider using the shadowing technique where you mimic the speaker's intonation and phrasing to build confidence and fluency. This practice can significantly help you improve your English pronunciation as you articulate complex ideas in English.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

Throughout the transcript, several grammatical structures and expressions exemplify how information can be conveyed effectively. Here are a few key takeaways:

  • Use of the passive voice: Phrases like "have been ruled out" highlight the importance of passive sentence structures in formal discussions. This linguistic tool emphasizes the actions rather than the actors.
  • Complex sentences: The speaker uses complex sentences such as "although much of this research has taken place through observation of captive chimps, the results are widely seen as an authoritative reflection of chimps living in the wild." This structure can aid in improving your ability to form more intricate sentences when practicing IELTS speaking.
  • Comparative language: Expressions such as "somewhat smaller" allow learners to explore comparative forms, which are crucial for analysis and description in English conversations.

Common Pronunciation Traps

Learning to learn English with YouTube greatly benefits from understanding pronunciation pitfalls. Here are some common traps you might encounter in this video:

  • Chimpanzee: The word 'chimpanzee' can be challenging due to its length and the combination of sounds. Practice breaking it down into syllables (chim-pan-zee) to master its pronunciation.
  • Behaviour: The British English spelling of "behaviour" includes a 'u.' This can confuse non-native speakers, particularly those from American English backgrounds where it's spelled "behavior."
  • Intimidate: This word may lead to mistakes in pronunciation due to its multiple syllables. Aim to articulate each part distinctly to improve clarity in your speech.

As you continue to engage with content like this, remember to employ the shadow speak method by repeating after the speaker, allowing for enhanced learning of vocabulary and pronunciation through immersive practice.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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