跟读练习: Chimpanzee Behaviours Đề thi IELTS LISTENING actual test (thi ngày 3/1/2023) - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Welcome back to my series of short lectures on apes.
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Today we will examine recent and historical breakthroughs on the behaviour of chimpanzees,
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otherwise known as chimps.
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The word chimpanzee is an umbrella term for two different species of apes in the genus Pan which are the common chimpanzee,
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or pantroglodytes, found in western-central Africa,
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and the bonobo, or panpaniscus,
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which are found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Chimpanzees belong to the hominidai family,
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together with gorillas, orangutans, and indeed humans.
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Current research tells us that the chimps broke away from the human branch of the hominidai family,
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approximately six million years ago and remain the closest living relative to humans to this day.
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More modern researchers into chimpanzees have centred on their behavioural characteristics once all biological and genetic factors have been ruled out.
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In this way, scientists have unearthed an unfathomable amount of similarities between human and chimpanzee behaviour.
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Although much of this research has taken place through observation of captive chimps,
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the results are widely seen as an authoritative reflection of chimps living in the wild.
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Chimps live in large so-called communities,
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comprised of many male and female members,
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with the social hierarchy determined by an individual chimp's position and influence.
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Through such research, scientists have found that chimps learn and adapt through observation of others' behaviour.
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Once in power, the alpha male is often seen to alter its body language in order to retain power.
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For example, he might puff himself up in order to intimidate others,
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while lower-ranking chimps are noted to behave more submissively and holding out their hands while grunting.
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Female chimpanzees also have a distinct social hierarchy,
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with high social standing inherited by children.
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It is not unheard of for dominant females within a community to unite and overthrow the alpha male,
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backing another in his place.
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James Diamond, in his book The Third Chimpanzee,
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suggests that chimps should now be reclassified in the genus Homo instead of Pan,
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and there are many arguments still in favour of this.
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Male common chimpanzees are on average 1.7 metres in height,
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weighing 70 kilograms, with their female counterparts being somewhat smaller.
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By comparison, the bonobo is slightly shorter and lighter,
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but with longer arms and legs.
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However, both species walk on all fours and climb trees with great ease.
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Jane Goodall made a groundbreaking discovery in 1960 when she observed the use of tools among chimpanzees,
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including digging for termites with large sticks.
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A recent study claimed to reveal that common chimpanzees in Senegal have been using spears sharpened with their teeth to hunt.
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However, these reports remain unsubstantiated.
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Researchers have witnessed such tools,
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namely rocks, being used by chimps to open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with stone hammers.
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As scientific technology has developed,
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so too has our knowledge of the sheer extent of the chimps' intelligence.
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Research has now shown that chimps have the capability to learn and use symbols and understand aspects of the human language,
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including syntax as well as numerical sequences.
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As I mentioned earlier, the umbrella term chimpanzee is comprised of the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
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These two subspecies are divided along the Congo River,
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with the common chimps living on one side,
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and the bonobos living on the opposite side of the river.
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Over the past few decades,
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both of these subspecies have witnessed an alarming decrease in population density,
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with animal activists now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation. In addition,
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next week's episode will focus more closely on how chimpanzees in
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captivity are able to learn things through imitating the behaviour of humans,
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as well as how chimpanzees' behaviours have developed over many generations.
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Thank you very much for attending this evening's lecture.
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I hope you found it intellectually stimulating,
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and I look forward to seeing you again next week.
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Good night.
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That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you will now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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本课简介
在本课中，您将通过观看有关黑猩猩行为的视频，学习和练习与黑猩猩相关的词汇和表达方式。在了解黑猩猩的社交结构和行为特征的同时，您将通过听觉和语言模仿来提高英语发音。通过这次练习，您将能更流利地使用与动物行为相关的英语，尤其是在雅思口语考试中能自信地表达观点。
关键词汇与短语
- 黑猩猩 (chimpanzee) - 这一单词包含两种不同的猿类，分别是普通黑猩猩与倭黑猩猩。
- 社交层级 (social hierarchy) - 在黑猩猩群体中，个体之间的社会地位和影响力决定了社交关系。
- 工具使用 (tool use) - 黑猩猩使用石头和棍子等工具来获取食物，这显示了它们的智能。
- 观察学习 (observational learning) - 黑猩猩通过观察他人的行为来学习和适应。
- 阿尔法雄性 (alpha male) - 一个群体中最强势的雄性，通常会改变自己的肢体语言以维持权威。
- 倭黑猩猩 (bonobo) - 这种黑猩猩以其性行为和社交行为的独特性而闻名。
- 智力 (intelligence) - 黑猩猩具有学习和使用符号的能力，表明它们的智力很高。
练习建议
为了更有效地提升您的英语发音和流利度，建议您在观看视频时尝试shadow speech（影子式练习）。这一技巧可以帮助您模仿视频中的发音和语调。由于视频中的语速较快，您可以先播放视频，听取内容后，再暂停并重复说出句子。注意声调、语速和重音，有助于您适应不同的语境，并提高您的雅思口语练习能力。
此外，建议您记录下您模仿的语音，再与原视频进行对比，找出可以改进的地方。这种方法能加深您的记忆，并帮助您在实际对话中表现得更加自然。当您不断练习时，您会发现自己的发音和语言流利度有显著提高，真正做到在看YouTube学英语的过程中同时享受学习的乐趣。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。