シャドーイング練習: Chimpanzee Behaviours Đề thi IELTS LISTENING actual test (thi ngày 3/1/2023) - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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Section 4 You will hear a talk on the research of the behaviour of chimpanzees.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Welcome back to my series of short lectures on apes.
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Today we will examine recent and historical breakthroughs on the behaviour of chimpanzees,
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otherwise known as chimps.
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The word chimpanzee is an umbrella term for two different species of apes in the genus Pan which are the common chimpanzee,
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or pantroglodytes, found in western-central Africa,
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and the bonobo, or panpaniscus,
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which are found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Chimpanzees belong to the hominidai family,
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together with gorillas, orangutans, and indeed humans.
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Current research tells us that the chimps broke away from the human branch of the hominidai family,
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approximately six million years ago and remain the closest living relative to humans to this day.
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More modern researchers into chimpanzees have centred on their behavioural characteristics once all biological and genetic factors have been ruled out.
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In this way, scientists have unearthed an unfathomable amount of similarities between human and chimpanzee behaviour.
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Although much of this research has taken place through observation of captive chimps,
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the results are widely seen as an authoritative reflection of chimps living in the wild.
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Chimps live in large so-called communities,
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comprised of many male and female members,
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with the social hierarchy determined by an individual chimp's position and influence.
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Through such research, scientists have found that chimps learn and adapt through observation of others' behaviour.
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Once in power, the alpha male is often seen to alter its body language in order to retain power.
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For example, he might puff himself up in order to intimidate others,
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while lower-ranking chimps are noted to behave more submissively and holding out their hands while grunting.
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Female chimpanzees also have a distinct social hierarchy,
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with high social standing inherited by children.
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It is not unheard of for dominant females within a community to unite and overthrow the alpha male,
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backing another in his place.
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James Diamond, in his book The Third Chimpanzee,
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suggests that chimps should now be reclassified in the genus Homo instead of Pan,
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and there are many arguments still in favour of this.
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Male common chimpanzees are on average 1.7 metres in height,
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weighing 70 kilograms, with their female counterparts being somewhat smaller.
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By comparison, the bonobo is slightly shorter and lighter,
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but with longer arms and legs.
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However, both species walk on all fours and climb trees with great ease.
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Jane Goodall made a groundbreaking discovery in 1960 when she observed the use of tools among chimpanzees,
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including digging for termites with large sticks.
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A recent study claimed to reveal that common chimpanzees in Senegal have been using spears sharpened with their teeth to hunt.
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However, these reports remain unsubstantiated.
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Researchers have witnessed such tools,
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namely rocks, being used by chimps to open coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts with stone hammers.
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As scientific technology has developed,
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so too has our knowledge of the sheer extent of the chimps' intelligence.
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Research has now shown that chimps have the capability to learn and use symbols and understand aspects of the human language,
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including syntax as well as numerical sequences.
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As I mentioned earlier, the umbrella term chimpanzee is comprised of the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
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These two subspecies are divided along the Congo River,
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with the common chimps living on one side,
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and the bonobos living on the opposite side of the river.
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Over the past few decades,
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both of these subspecies have witnessed an alarming decrease in population density,
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with animal activists now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation. In addition,
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next week's episode will focus more closely on how chimpanzees in
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captivity are able to learn things through imitating the behaviour of humans,
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as well as how chimpanzees' behaviours have developed over many generations.
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Thank you very much for attending this evening's lecture.
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I hope you found it intellectually stimulating,
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and I look forward to seeing you again next week.
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Good night.
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That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you will now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、チンパンジーの行動についての研究を通じて、英語のリスニング力とスピーキング力を向上させることができます。特に、チンパンジーの社会的構造や彼らの道具の使用についての情報を含んでおり、自然界の動物行動を学ぶことは、英語の表現力を豊かにするための良い機会です。
キーワードとフレーズ
- チンパンジー (Chimpanzee): 霊長類の一種であり、人間と近縁な種。
- 社会的階層 (Social hierarchy): チンパンジー社会内での個々の地位と影響力。
- 道具の使用 (Use of tools): チンパンジーが道具を使う能力。
- 観察学習 (Observational learning): 他者の行動を観察して学ぶ能力。
- アルファオス (Alpha male): 社会内での支配的な個体。
- ボノボ (Bonobo): チンパンジーの一種で、コンゴ民主共和国に生息。
練習のコツ
この動画の音声速度やトーンに合わせて、shadowspeakやshadow speechを活用してリスニングとスピーキングの練習を行いましょう。具体的には、動画を聞きながら話し方を真似することで、自然なアクセントやイントネーションを身につけることができます。動画の中で使用されている言葉やフレーズを繰り返し声に出してみることで、YouTubeで英語学習が効果的に進み、IELTS スピーキング対策としても役立ちます。
また、学習中は自分の声を録音してみて、実際の発音やリズムを確認するのも良い方法です。これにより、自己改善の助けとなります。チンパンジーの興味深い行動や社会構造に基づく内容を学びながら、言語スキルを向上させる貴重な体験を楽しんでください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。