Pratique du Shadowing: Do You Have Narcolepsy? Here’s How To Tell - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Narcolepsy is a word you're probably familiar with, even if you can't fully explain it.

What first comes to mind is probably someone comically falling asleep at random times.

Hi, I'm Carol.

But what we've seen on TV is, let's say, a bit exaggerated.

Narcolepsy is characterized by chronic sleepiness, and it does take a serious toll on the lives of people affected by it.

But with most people suffering from some sort of daytime sleepiness, how do you know if your sleepiness is narcoleptic in nature?

Well today, let's answer that question by looking at the symptoms, the treatments, and when you should talk to your doctor about narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder known for causing chronic sleepiness.

Not your typical after -lunch slump, but a severe daytime sleepiness that can compromise a person's school, work, relationships, and even safety.

This is because, with narcolepsy, the brain can't maintain a normal sleep -wake rhythm.

Usually the sleep cycle begins with a series of non -REM stages followed by REM sleep.

It's during REM sleep when our brain activates the nervous system, does the most dreaming, and processes our emotions and memories.

But for people with narcolepsy, that cycle is not as consistent.

Instead, the REM sleep stage is irregular and can begin right after falling asleep.

It's this disruption to the sleep cycle, and specifically the REM stage, that causes people with narcolepsy to frequently experience daytime sleepiness,

forgetfulness, and difficulty concentrating.

Narcolepsy is classified into two types, sensibly named narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2.

First, let's look at the science behind type 1.

Deep in your brain, in a part called the hypothalamus, neurons work to regulate your sleep -wake schedule.

There, hypocretin, also called orexin, communicates with the brainstem to make you more alert during the day and less alert at night.

With narcolepsy type 1, your brain experiences a loss of that hypocretin and the resulting low levels destabilize your sleep -wake system.

Without enough hypocretin to keep your body alert, people with type 1 also experience something called cataplexy,

or brief loss of muscle control triggered by sudden emotions like laughter, surprise, or fear.

In contrast, narcolepsy type 2 is diagnosed if a patient still has the same irregular sleep cycle,

but without low levels of hypocretin or episodes of cataplexy.

However, about 10 % of people with type 2 begin to experience these things later on

and get their diagnosis changed to type 1.

Narcolepsy, although rare compared to other sleep disorders, doesn't discriminate on age, gender, or race.

Anyone can be diagnosed with narcolepsy.

It affects about 0 .04 % of the world population, with type 1 more common than type 2, but this number may not be accurate.

Narcolepsy symptoms are very similar to other sleep disorders, so cases could go undiagnosed.

And although children can have narcolepsy, many won't begin to recognize the symptoms or seek diagnosis until later on in life.

Symptoms, including cataplexy, can look a bit different for everyone, but excessive daytime sleepiness is the unifying symptom all people with narcolepsy face.

And falling asleep from severe drowsiness doesn't just happen randomly, but in situations that can make us all a little sleepy,

like sitting in traffic, studying or reading, or sitting in a dimly lit space.

Other symptoms commonly coexist with sleepiness.

Automatic behaviors happen when people try not to give in to sleep.

For example, a person might continue to scribble lines on paper

or type on a keyboard despite the fact that their brain has already turned off and fallen asleep.

Although many people attribute narcolepsy to sleeping a lot,

the truth is people with narcolepsy actually often deal with insomnia and struggle to stay asleep during the night.

Likely due to their early entrance into the REM sleep stage, people with narcolepsy often feel more energized after only a short period of sleep.

Sleep paralysis, like cataplexy, is common and can make people with narcolepsy feel like they can't move

or like weight is on top of them holding them down.

Because of their irregular REM sleep patterns, active dreaming can cause vivid hallucinations when falling asleep or starting to wake up,

sometimes alongside sleep paralysis making for a very terrifying experience.

But that's not the only thing.

Daytime effects can be just as much of a symptom.

Pay attention to things like restlessness, irritability, and inattention.

These are often misunderstood as behavioral problems rather than sleep problems, especially in children.

Cataplexy may also be difficult to recognize and misread as a twitch or a tick.

Identifying common and persistent symptoms can help a doctor accurately diagnose narcolepsy.

Unfortunately, the exact cause of narcolepsy still requires more research.

As far as experts have seen, the condition is not related to family history, which makes it hard to predict.

It's theorized

that a specific gene mutation found in as many as 98

% of people with narcolepsy type 1 could play an important role in your risk of narcolepsy.

It's also theorized

that narcolepsy should be considered an autoimmune disorder after new evidence

showed the body's own immune system can mistakenly attack the healthy brain cells that produce hypocretin.

And in rare instances, a medical condition, infection, or brain injury can affect your hypocretin levels and result in secondary narcolepsy.

In general, narcolepsy is considered sporadic and should be thoroughly assessed case by case.

If you experience significant daytime sleepiness or other symptoms of narcolepsy for three or more months, talk to a sleep specialist familiar with the disorder.

They are best equipped to provide a careful and accurate diagnosis.

A review of symptoms, sleep habits, and medical history can help eliminate other potential conditions.

Involving friends and family in this review can also help paint a clearer picture of your experiences, as they may have witnessed behaviors you didn't.

Polysomnography, or sleep study, uses sensors to monitor brain and body activity during sleep.

This can help you and your doctor understand your sleep better and can be done at home or in a sleep clinic.

A multiple sleep latency test can also assess how quickly you fall asleep and when you enter the REM sleep stage.

If you don't experience cataplexy, testing cerebral spinal fluid for hypocretin is the only way to distinguish between narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2.

This requires a spinal tap and is recommended if a sleep study has already confirmed your narcolepsy diagnosis.

Although there is no cure for narcolepsy yet, behavioral approaches have been successful at reducing the effects of narcolepsy and improving one's quality of life.

Let's get into some of those approaches.

Plan your naps.

People with narcolepsy often feel more alert after a brief nap, so try to budget time in your day for a nap reset.

Avoid sedatives.

Avoid any substance that can worsen sleepiness like alcohol and moderate the caffeinated ones.

These could leave you crashing later.

Drive with caution.

Avoid long drives and driving at night if you're more susceptible to falling asleep on the road.

Set active and healthy goals.

People with narcolepsy are at a higher risk of obesity, high blood pressure, depression, and anxiety.

So regular exercise and a balanced diet can help both your physical health and sleep health.

Form good sleep habits.

Setting a consistent sleep schedule, making your bedroom the best place for sleep,

and steering clear of electronics before bed can help get your brain ready for sleep when it's time for sleep.

And finally, seek support from those close to you or others experiencing narcolepsy,

and ask for guidance from your doctor to counteract the negative day -to -day effects narcolepsy can cause.

While medications that promote wakefulness can also combat sleepiness, not all patients may react the same and an evaluation is recommended before taking any stimulants.

In today's busy world, daytime sleepiness is a very real and very common issue.

And narcolepsy, though relatively rare and not life -threatening, can be difficult to overcome without a better understanding of it.

And if your daytime sleepiness is due to a nighttime lack of sleep, check out our video right here on how to treat insomnia.

If feelings of drowsiness are starting to take over your life, don't wait until you're falling asleep at the wheel.

Start asking questions about your sleep.

Thanks for watching everyone.

Sleep well.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Do You Have Narcolepsy? Here’s How To Tell ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : narcolepsy, sleep, type, sleepiness, symptom. Cette vidéo contient 96 phrases et 1378 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:52. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 175 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
symptom nom	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	symptôme
asleep adjectif	/əˈsliːp/	endormi
daytime nom	/ˈdeɪtaɪm/	journée, jour
disorder nom	/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/	désordre
alert adjectif	/əˈlɝt/	alerte
diagnosis nom	/daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/	diagnostic, diagnose
irregular adjectif	/ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/	irrégulier
consistent adjectif	/kənˈsɪs.tənt/	constant
habit nom	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	habitude
chronic adjectif	/ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/	chronique
emotion nom	/ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/	émotion
assess verbe	/əˈsɛs/	estimer, évaluer
behavioral adjectif	/bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/	comportemental
spinal adjectif	/spaɪ.nəl/	spinal
bedroom nom	/ˈbɛdˌɹum/	chambre, chambre à coucher

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
check out verbe		mater, regarder
take over verbe		reprendre
turn off verbe		éteindre
wake up verbe	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	se réveiller

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is characterized · is classified · is diagnosed
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	we've seen · has already turned · have seen

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 14 contractions et formes réduites, comme can't, you're, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, theorize /ˈθɪɹ.aɪz/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, hypocretin /ˌhaɪ.poʊˈkɹiː.tən/, hallucination /həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən/
/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: gene /d͡ʒiːn/, twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/, energize /ˈɛnəd͡ʒaɪz/, exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: disorder /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, chronic /ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, bedroom /ˈbɛdˌɹum/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme symptom, asleep, daytime.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Do You Have Narcolepsy? Here’s How To Tell - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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