Pratique du Shadowing: What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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In the modern age, we've lost our reverence for the dream state, but more and more evidence is accumulating which suggests
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that REM sleep was absolutely critical to the evolution of the special cognitive capacities that human beings evidence and our special creativity.
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There are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose.
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Human REM sleep has a lot of very peculiar characteristics.
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Every 90 minutes we go into REM sleep and our bodies become paralyzed, yet our brains are more activated than they are during waking consciousness,
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and we're forced to watch these things we call dreams.
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So why would Mother Nature do something like that?
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The older models, when you look at Freud and you look at more Jungian thought, and there's still people who really use the Jungian thought of dream analysis,
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is really that you analyze the dreams.
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The dreams are there for a purpose.
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For some people they say it's about wish fulfillment, it's about the things that you're never able to do in your day, you're actually fulfilling at night.
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There other people who will say that it's actually telling you something.
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If there's a lot of fear that's going on, if there's a lot of anxiety, it's manifesting itself in your nocturnal world so
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that analyzing it can help to open up thoughts about what you need to do during the day.
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So a lot of people who subscribe to the psychoanalysis, the onion thought, will really focus a lot on dreams, the meaning, and how it can be used to help you during the day.
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Now if you go to more modern thought, there are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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They're just a way of your brain processing what's happened during the day but there's really no meaning to them.
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A lot of imagery of just flashes of what happened.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose but what that purpose is we're not really sure.
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So some people will believe
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that it actually does have some psychological representation of what's going on in the day
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but there's no need to sit and really analyze it.
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Other people like myself think
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that dreams are almost a reenactment of what happened during the day
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but it's a way of you figure out your brain processing
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to figure out what does it need to hold on to and remember and what can it just throw away.
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So it's like your brain has a large filing cabinet
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and it's opening up each drawer and it's taking in various images and memories from the day, consolidating what it needs to and puts it in whatever file
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and then if there's something that doesn't fit in any of the files and doesn't really belong, you'll forget about it.
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So it's a way of really getting a succinct way of storing things in your brain.
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We see glimpses of these other possible worlds in our dreams.
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What REM sleep normally does is it creates all kinds of bizarre ideas but all kinds of creative ideas as well.
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When our ancestors in the Upper Paleolithic acquired greater access to the REM sleep state both during sleep and during waking consciousness,
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it helped to fuel the onset of cumulative cultural evolutionary processes.
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We know that REM sleep is especially important for human beings because it creates these dissociative experiences and associative experiences.
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Dissociative experiences are something
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that lots of us experience with this dreamy states where you feel like you're not quite yourself
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and you're in like a deja vu experience
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or a fluid mental state a flow state
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but you're not sure what's real what's unreal
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because you're immersed in all this imagery
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but as you go through those kinds of dissociative states it starts to relax
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or resolve into an associative state so that things
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that were previously unrelated get combined and
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when unrelated ideas combined creative innovative things happen and REM sleep promotes
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that associative state big time our culture has lost its reverence
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for the dream state whereas traditional cultures absolutely reverenced dreams
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and I think some do references would help the culture
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because it would create more openness to creativity
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and disparate ideas this can help us solve the unknown unknowns
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and help us get creative solutions to the problems people are facing.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : dream, sleep, Rem, brain, experience. Cette vidéo contient 35 phrases et 754 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:42. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 161 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| analyze verbe | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | analyser |
| combine verbe | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combiner |
| consciousness nom | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | conscience |
| creativity nom | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | créativité |
| unrelated adjectif | sans rapport, sans lien | |
| anxiety nom | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | anxiété, inquiétude |
| flash verbe | /flæʃ/ | clignoter |
| solve verbe | /sɒlv/ | résoudre, régler |
| evolution nom | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | évolution |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | tandis que, alors que |
| belong verbe | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | avoir sa place |
| relax verbe | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | relâcher |
| psychological adjectif | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psychologique |
| fluid nom | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluide, liquide |
| resolve verbe | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | résoudre |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| open up verbe | ouvrir |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| throw away verbe | rejeter, jeter |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who believe · people who really · people who will |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | we've lost · has lost |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 13 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, doesn't, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: imagery /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, imagery /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme analyze, combine, consciousness.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.