Практика Shadowing: What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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In the modern age, we've lost our reverence for the dream state, but more and more evidence is accumulating which suggests
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that REM sleep was absolutely critical to the evolution of the special cognitive capacities that human beings evidence and our special creativity.
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There are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose.
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Human REM sleep has a lot of very peculiar characteristics.
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Every 90 minutes we go into REM sleep and our bodies become paralyzed, yet our brains are more activated than they are during waking consciousness,
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and we're forced to watch these things we call dreams.
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So why would Mother Nature do something like that?
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The older models, when you look at Freud and you look at more Jungian thought, and there's still people who really use the Jungian thought of dream analysis,
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is really that you analyze the dreams.
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The dreams are there for a purpose.
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For some people they say it's about wish fulfillment, it's about the things that you're never able to do in your day, you're actually fulfilling at night.
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There other people who will say that it's actually telling you something.
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If there's a lot of fear that's going on, if there's a lot of anxiety, it's manifesting itself in your nocturnal world so
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that analyzing it can help to open up thoughts about what you need to do during the day.
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So a lot of people who subscribe to the psychoanalysis, the onion thought, will really focus a lot on dreams, the meaning, and how it can be used to help you during the day.
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Now if you go to more modern thought, there are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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They're just a way of your brain processing what's happened during the day but there's really no meaning to them.
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A lot of imagery of just flashes of what happened.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose but what that purpose is we're not really sure.
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So some people will believe
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that it actually does have some psychological representation of what's going on in the day
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but there's no need to sit and really analyze it.
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Other people like myself think
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that dreams are almost a reenactment of what happened during the day
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but it's a way of you figure out your brain processing
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to figure out what does it need to hold on to and remember and what can it just throw away.
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So it's like your brain has a large filing cabinet
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and it's opening up each drawer and it's taking in various images and memories from the day, consolidating what it needs to and puts it in whatever file
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and then if there's something that doesn't fit in any of the files and doesn't really belong, you'll forget about it.
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So it's a way of really getting a succinct way of storing things in your brain.
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We see glimpses of these other possible worlds in our dreams.
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What REM sleep normally does is it creates all kinds of bizarre ideas but all kinds of creative ideas as well.
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When our ancestors in the Upper Paleolithic acquired greater access to the REM sleep state both during sleep and during waking consciousness,
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it helped to fuel the onset of cumulative cultural evolutionary processes.
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We know that REM sleep is especially important for human beings because it creates these dissociative experiences and associative experiences.
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Dissociative experiences are something
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that lots of us experience with this dreamy states where you feel like you're not quite yourself
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and you're in like a deja vu experience
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or a fluid mental state a flow state
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but you're not sure what's real what's unreal
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because you're immersed in all this imagery
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but as you go through those kinds of dissociative states it starts to relax
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or resolve into an associative state so that things
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that were previously unrelated get combined and
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when unrelated ideas combined creative innovative things happen and REM sleep promotes
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that associative state big time our culture has lost its reverence
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for the dream state whereas traditional cultures absolutely reverenced dreams
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and I think some do references would help the culture
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because it would create more openness to creativity
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and disparate ideas this can help us solve the unknown unknowns
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and help us get creative solutions to the problems people are facing.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming». Чаще всего повторяются слова: dream, sleep, Rem, brain, experience. В этом видео 35 предложений и 754 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:42. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 161 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 84% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| analyze глагол | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | анализи́ровать, проанализи́ровать |
| combine глагол | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | комбини́ровать, скомбини́ровать |
| consciousness существительное | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | созна́ние, созна́тельность |
| creativity существительное | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | креати́вность, тво́рческие спосо́бности |
| anxiety существительное | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | беспоко́йство, трево́га |
| flash глагол | /flæʃ/ | вспы́хивать, вспы́хнуть |
| solve глагол | /sɒlv/ | реша́ть, реши́ть |
| evolution существительное | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | эволю́ция, разви́тие |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | тогда́ как, в то вре́мя как |
| belong глагол | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | быть «свои́м» |
| relax глагол | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | расслабля́ть, рассла́бить |
| psychological прилагательное | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | психологи́ческий |
| fluid существительное | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | жи́дкость, флюи́д |
| resolve глагол | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | реша́ть, реши́ть |
| acquire глагол | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | добыва́ть, добы́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| figure out глагол | разбира́ться, разобра́ться |
| throw away глагол | выбра́сывать, вы́бросить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who believe · people who really · people who will |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | we've lost · has lost |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 13 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, doesn't, we're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, solve /sɒlv/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как analyze, combine, consciousness.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.