Prática de Shadowing: What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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In the modern age, we've lost our reverence for the dream state, but more and more evidence is accumulating which suggests
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that REM sleep was absolutely critical to the evolution of the special cognitive capacities that human beings evidence and our special creativity.
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There are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose.
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Human REM sleep has a lot of very peculiar characteristics.
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Every 90 minutes we go into REM sleep and our bodies become paralyzed, yet our brains are more activated than they are during waking consciousness,
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and we're forced to watch these things we call dreams.
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So why would Mother Nature do something like that?
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The older models, when you look at Freud and you look at more Jungian thought, and there's still people who really use the Jungian thought of dream analysis,
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is really that you analyze the dreams.
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The dreams are there for a purpose.
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For some people they say it's about wish fulfillment, it's about the things that you're never able to do in your day, you're actually fulfilling at night.
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There other people who will say that it's actually telling you something.
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If there's a lot of fear that's going on, if there's a lot of anxiety, it's manifesting itself in your nocturnal world so
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that analyzing it can help to open up thoughts about what you need to do during the day.
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So a lot of people who subscribe to the psychoanalysis, the onion thought, will really focus a lot on dreams, the meaning, and how it can be used to help you during the day.
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Now if you go to more modern thought, there are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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They're just a way of your brain processing what's happened during the day but there's really no meaning to them.
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A lot of imagery of just flashes of what happened.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose but what that purpose is we're not really sure.
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So some people will believe
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that it actually does have some psychological representation of what's going on in the day
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but there's no need to sit and really analyze it.
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Other people like myself think
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that dreams are almost a reenactment of what happened during the day
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but it's a way of you figure out your brain processing
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to figure out what does it need to hold on to and remember and what can it just throw away.
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So it's like your brain has a large filing cabinet
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and it's opening up each drawer and it's taking in various images and memories from the day, consolidating what it needs to and puts it in whatever file
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and then if there's something that doesn't fit in any of the files and doesn't really belong, you'll forget about it.
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So it's a way of really getting a succinct way of storing things in your brain.
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We see glimpses of these other possible worlds in our dreams.
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What REM sleep normally does is it creates all kinds of bizarre ideas but all kinds of creative ideas as well.
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When our ancestors in the Upper Paleolithic acquired greater access to the REM sleep state both during sleep and during waking consciousness,
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it helped to fuel the onset of cumulative cultural evolutionary processes.
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We know that REM sleep is especially important for human beings because it creates these dissociative experiences and associative experiences.
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Dissociative experiences are something
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that lots of us experience with this dreamy states where you feel like you're not quite yourself
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and you're in like a deja vu experience
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or a fluid mental state a flow state
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but you're not sure what's real what's unreal
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because you're immersed in all this imagery
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but as you go through those kinds of dissociative states it starts to relax
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or resolve into an associative state so that things
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that were previously unrelated get combined and
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when unrelated ideas combined creative innovative things happen and REM sleep promotes
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that associative state big time our culture has lost its reverence
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for the dream state whereas traditional cultures absolutely reverenced dreams
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and I think some do references would help the culture
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because it would create more openness to creativity
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and disparate ideas this can help us solve the unknown unknowns
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and help us get creative solutions to the problems people are facing.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming”. As palavras que mais se repetem: dream, sleep, Rem, brain, experience. Este vídeo tem 35 frases e 754 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:42. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 161 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| analyze verbo | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | analisar |
| combine verbo | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combinar |
| consciousness substantivo | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | consciência |
| creativity substantivo | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | criatividade |
| unrelated adjetivo | não relacionado | |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| flash verbo | /flæʃ/ | lampejar |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| evolution substantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolução |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | enquanto, ao passo que |
| belong verbo | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | pertencer |
| representation substantivo | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | representação |
| relax verbo | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | soltar, afrouxar |
| psychological adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicológico |
| fluid substantivo | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluido, líquido |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir |
| throw away verbo | deitar fora, jogar fora |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | people who believe · people who really · people who will |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | we've lost · has lost |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, doesn't, we're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, onset /ˈɒnˌsɛt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, unreal /ʌnˈɹi.əl/, nocturnal /nɑkˈtɝ.nəl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como analyze, combine, consciousness.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.