跟读练习: What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming - 通过视频学习英语口语
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52 句
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In the modern age, we've lost our reverence for the dream state, but more and more evidence is accumulating which suggests
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that REM sleep was absolutely critical to the evolution of the special cognitive capacities that human beings evidence and our special creativity.
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There are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose.
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Human REM sleep has a lot of very peculiar characteristics.
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Every 90 minutes we go into REM sleep and our bodies become paralyzed, yet our brains are more activated than they are during waking consciousness,
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and we're forced to watch these things we call dreams.
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So why would Mother Nature do something like that?
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The older models, when you look at Freud and you look at more Jungian thought, and there's still people who really use the Jungian thought of dream analysis,
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is really that you analyze the dreams.
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The dreams are there for a purpose.
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For some people they say it's about wish fulfillment, it's about the things that you're never able to do in your day, you're actually fulfilling at night.
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There other people who will say that it's actually telling you something.
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If there's a lot of fear that's going on, if there's a lot of anxiety, it's manifesting itself in your nocturnal world so
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that analyzing it can help to open up thoughts about what you need to do during the day.
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So a lot of people who subscribe to the psychoanalysis, the onion thought, will really focus a lot on dreams, the meaning, and how it can be used to help you during the day.
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Now if you go to more modern thought, there are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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They're just a way of your brain processing what's happened during the day but there's really no meaning to them.
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A lot of imagery of just flashes of what happened.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose but what that purpose is we're not really sure.
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So some people will believe
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that it actually does have some psychological representation of what's going on in the day
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but there's no need to sit and really analyze it.
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Other people like myself think
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that dreams are almost a reenactment of what happened during the day
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but it's a way of you figure out your brain processing
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to figure out what does it need to hold on to and remember and what can it just throw away.
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So it's like your brain has a large filing cabinet
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and it's opening up each drawer and it's taking in various images and memories from the day, consolidating what it needs to and puts it in whatever file
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and then if there's something that doesn't fit in any of the files and doesn't really belong, you'll forget about it.
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So it's a way of really getting a succinct way of storing things in your brain.
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We see glimpses of these other possible worlds in our dreams.
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What REM sleep normally does is it creates all kinds of bizarre ideas but all kinds of creative ideas as well.
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When our ancestors in the Upper Paleolithic acquired greater access to the REM sleep state both during sleep and during waking consciousness,
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it helped to fuel the onset of cumulative cultural evolutionary processes.
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We know that REM sleep is especially important for human beings because it creates these dissociative experiences and associative experiences.
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Dissociative experiences are something
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that lots of us experience with this dreamy states where you feel like you're not quite yourself
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and you're in like a deja vu experience
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or a fluid mental state a flow state
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but you're not sure what's real what's unreal
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because you're immersed in all this imagery
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but as you go through those kinds of dissociative states it starts to relax
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or resolve into an associative state so that things
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that were previously unrelated get combined and
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when unrelated ideas combined creative innovative things happen and REM sleep promotes
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that associative state big time our culture has lost its reverence
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for the dream state whereas traditional cultures absolutely reverenced dreams
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and I think some do references would help the culture
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because it would create more openness to creativity
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and disparate ideas this can help us solve the unknown unknowns
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and help us get creative solutions to the problems people are facing.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：dream, sleep, Rem, brain, experience。 这段视频共有 35 个句子、754 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:42。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 161 个词，接近日常对话。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| analyze 动词 | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | 分析 |
| combine 动词 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 結合 /结合, 組合 /组合 |
| consciousness 名词 | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | 意識 /意识 |
| creativity 名词 | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | 創造力 /创造力, 創造性 /创造性 |
| unrelated 形容词 | 不相关的 | |
| anxiety 名词 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 焦慮 /焦虑, 担心 |
| flash 动词 | /flæʃ/ | 閃光 /闪光 |
| solve 动词 | /sɒlv/ | 解決 /解决 |
| evolution 名词 | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | 演變 /演变, 變遷 /变迁 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| belong 动词 | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | 屬於 /属于 |
| relax 动词 | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | 鬆開 /松开, 放鬆 /放松 |
| fluid 名词 | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | 流體 /流体, 液體 /液体 |
| resolve 动词 | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | 解決 /解决 |
| acquire 动词 | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | 獲得 /获得, 取得 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 |
| go through 动词 | 通過 /通过 |
| throw away 动词 | 棄置 /弃置, 扔 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | people who believe · people who really · people who will |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | we've lost · has lost |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 13 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, doesn't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, solve /sɒlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, solve /sɒlv/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, unreal /ʌnˈɹi.əl/, paralyze /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 analyze, combine, consciousness 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。