跟读练习: What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think - 通过视频学习英语口语
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66 句
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A lot of people think that somehow gaining knowledge about the world and how the world works detracts from its mystery, detracts from its beauty.
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Ignorance is bliss.
无知是福。
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Quite the opposite.
恰恰相反。
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The more we understand, the more we can appreciate, the more we can find wonder.
我们了解得越多，就越能懂得欣赏，也越能发现其中的奇妙。
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Whereas remaining in ignorance, that's just darkness, that's just confusion.
而停留在无知之中，那只会是黑暗，只会是混乱。
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Knowledge, understanding, enlightenment are always better than ignorance.
知识、理解与觉悟永远胜于无知。
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My name's Jim Al -Khalili, I'm a professor of physics at the University of Surrey.
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My most recent book is called The World According to Physics.
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I tend to think of our knowledge of the universe and of reality like an island.
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The interior of the island is the well -established science that we know very well.
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The shoreline around the island, that's the limits of our understanding.
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And beyond it is the ocean of the unknown.
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Of course, we don't know whether that ocean goes on forever.
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As we gain in our knowledge and our understanding, the island is growing in size, so we're reaching out.
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We can take a paddle out into the water to see some of the mysteries
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that we're trying to tackle now that we still don't understand.
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But we don't know how much further our understanding needs to go.
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There are certain questions that we have always asked about ourselves, about the world, that transcend science.
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They're certainly the big questions in science today, but they've been questions we've been asking for millennia.
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Who am I?
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Where is my place in the universe?
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What is the nature of self?
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Where did we come from?
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There may be questions that we'll never find answers to, but that is the nature of humanity,
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the nature of humankind, that we want the answers to some of these deep questions.
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There's this notion that somehow scientists have this sterile,
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clinical, logical, rational view of the world that leaves no room for mystery and awe and magic and wonder.
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On the contrary, Everything I learn about how the world is tells me it's full of magic and wonder.
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The idea that Newton discovered
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that the invisible force pulling the apple down to the ground
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is exactly the same force keeping the moon in orbit around the Earth is utterly profound.
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It's utterly awe -inspiring.
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I remember as a student sitting in a lecture being told about the equations of electromagnetism.
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The professor wrote down equations on the board he went through lines of algebra
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and arrived at a new equation and in that equation was a number and he said, and that is the speed of light.
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And that tells you that light is an electromagnetic wave.
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I remember sitting there and, you know, even as I'm telling you this now, I have that same shiver going down my spine.
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There's wonder wherever we look.
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It's the opposite of sterile, rational, cold, analytical thinking.
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It's often said that the more we know about the workings of the universe, the more we don't know.
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So our growing understanding really tells us about our growing ignorance.
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That is not to say that we haven't come a long way.
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We do know a lot about the building blocks of matter, about the nature of space and time.
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We now know how many elements there are
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that make up the world we have the periodic table of
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elements we now know why those elements are classified the way they are
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because of the way electrons arrange themselves around atoms the rest
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you could argue is down in the fine nitty -gritty detail and it may well be that
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some of the ideas we have today turn out to be
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wrong 10 20 years from now i probably wouldn't be saying something too different to what i'm saying today
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but 100 years from now
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and certainly a thousand years from now I may look back on the gym of the early 21st century
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and think that I was just as naive as as the medieval scholars who thought the sun orbited the earth.
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I think a lot of scientists are realizing
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that having this silo mentality of having expertise in one field to address some of the big questions simply isn't enough.
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We're getting ever more interdisciplinary.
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I'm a physicist, so I would argue that physics is of course the best way of learning about the world.
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It's an arrogant view and I think it's not exactly true.
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It's not going to address questions like complex human behavior in society or psychology or the workings of the human brain,
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but it addresses these fundamental questions.
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What everything is made of, how everything works.
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We don't know whether we will ever, one day, know everything about the nature of reality.
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And in a way, that's nice, that's exciting.
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It's frustrating, yet beautiful, that we may never have all the answers.
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There's this wonderful quote by Douglas Adams, I take the awe of understanding over the awe of ignorance any day.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 66 个句子、828 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:24。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 154 个词，接近日常对话。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| ignorance 名词 | /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ | 無知 /无知 |
| equation 名词 | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | 方程式, 方程 |
| element 名词 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| mystery 名词 | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | 謎 /谜, 謎團 /谜团 |
| physics 名词 | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | 物理學 /物理学 |
| argue 动词 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 辯論 /辩论, 爭辯 /争辩 |
| scientist 名词 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科学家 |
| rational 形容词 | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | 合理的, 理性的 |
| orbit 名词 | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | 軌道 /轨道, 軌跡 /轨迹 |
| establish 动词 | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | 確定 /确定 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| discover 动词 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /发现, 發覺 /发觉 |
| arrive 动词 | /əˈɹaɪv/ | 到達 /到达, 到 |
| fundamental 形容词 | /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/ | 基本 |
| humanity 名词 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 人類 /人类 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| go down 动词 | 下降, 下去 | |
| go through 动词 | 通過 /通过 | |
| make up 动词 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /组成 |
| write down 动词 | 寫下來 /写下来, 寫下 /写下 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 19 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, I'm, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, mentality /mɛnˈtæləti/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 ignorance, equation, element 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is called · being told · are classified |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have always asked · they've been · haven't come |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。