Shadowing Practice: What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think - Learn English Speaking with Video
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A lot of people think that somehow gaining knowledge about the world and how the world works detracts from its mystery, detracts from its beauty.
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Ignorance is bliss.
La ignorancia es felicidad.
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Quite the opposite.
Todo lo contrario.
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The more we understand, the more we can appreciate, the more we can find wonder.
Cuanto más comprendemos, más podemos apreciar, más podemos encontrar asombro.
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Whereas remaining in ignorance, that's just darkness, that's just confusion.
Mientras que permanecer en la ignorancia, eso es solo oscuridad, eso es solo confusión.
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Knowledge, understanding, enlightenment are always better than ignorance.
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My name's Jim Al -Khalili, I'm a professor of physics at the University of Surrey.
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My most recent book is called The World According to Physics.
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I tend to think of our knowledge of the universe and of reality like an island.
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The interior of the island is the well -established science that we know very well.
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The shoreline around the island, that's the limits of our understanding.
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And beyond it is the ocean of the unknown.
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Of course, we don't know whether that ocean goes on forever.
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As we gain in our knowledge and our understanding, the island is growing in size, so we're reaching out.
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We can take a paddle out into the water to see some of the mysteries
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that we're trying to tackle now that we still don't understand.
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But we don't know how much further our understanding needs to go.
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There are certain questions that we have always asked about ourselves, about the world, that transcend science.
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They're certainly the big questions in science today, but they've been questions we've been asking for millennia.
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Who am I?
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Where is my place in the universe?
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What is the nature of self?
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Where did we come from?
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There may be questions that we'll never find answers to, but that is the nature of humanity,
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the nature of humankind, that we want the answers to some of these deep questions.
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There's this notion that somehow scientists have this sterile,
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clinical, logical, rational view of the world that leaves no room for mystery and awe and magic and wonder.
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On the contrary, Everything I learn about how the world is tells me it's full of magic and wonder.
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The idea that Newton discovered
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that the invisible force pulling the apple down to the ground
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is exactly the same force keeping the moon in orbit around the Earth is utterly profound.
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It's utterly awe -inspiring.
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I remember as a student sitting in a lecture being told about the equations of electromagnetism.
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The professor wrote down equations on the board he went through lines of algebra
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and arrived at a new equation and in that equation was a number and he said, and that is the speed of light.
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And that tells you that light is an electromagnetic wave.
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I remember sitting there and, you know, even as I'm telling you this now, I have that same shiver going down my spine.
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There's wonder wherever we look.
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It's the opposite of sterile, rational, cold, analytical thinking.
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It's often said that the more we know about the workings of the universe, the more we don't know.
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So our growing understanding really tells us about our growing ignorance.
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That is not to say that we haven't come a long way.
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We do know a lot about the building blocks of matter, about the nature of space and time.
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We now know how many elements there are
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that make up the world we have the periodic table of
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elements we now know why those elements are classified the way they are
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because of the way electrons arrange themselves around atoms the rest
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you could argue is down in the fine nitty -gritty detail and it may well be that
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some of the ideas we have today turn out to be
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wrong 10 20 years from now i probably wouldn't be saying something too different to what i'm saying today
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but 100 years from now
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and certainly a thousand years from now I may look back on the gym of the early 21st century
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and think that I was just as naive as as the medieval scholars who thought the sun orbited the earth.
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I think a lot of scientists are realizing
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that having this silo mentality of having expertise in one field to address some of the big questions simply isn't enough.
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We're getting ever more interdisciplinary.
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I'm a physicist, so I would argue that physics is of course the best way of learning about the world.
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It's an arrogant view and I think it's not exactly true.
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It's not going to address questions like complex human behavior in society or psychology or the workings of the human brain,
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but it addresses these fundamental questions.
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What everything is made of, how everything works.
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We don't know whether we will ever, one day, know everything about the nature of reality.
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And in a way, that's nice, that's exciting.
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It's frustrating, yet beautiful, that we may never have all the answers.
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There's this wonderful quote by Douglas Adams, I take the awe of understanding over the awe of ignorance any day.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 66 frases y 828 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:24. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 154 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| ignorance sustantivo | /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ | ignorancia |
| equation sustantivo | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | ecuación |
| element sustantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | elemento |
| mystery sustantivo | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | misterio, arcano |
| physics sustantivo | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | física |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | argüir, argumentar |
| scientist sustantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | científico, científica |
| rational adjetivo | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | racional |
| orbit sustantivo | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | órbita |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | establecer, establir |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | mientras que (locution) |
| discover verbo | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | descubrir |
| arrive verbo | /əˈɹaɪv/ | llegar, arribar |
| fundamental adjetivo | /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/ | fundamental, cimental |
| humanity sustantivo | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | humanidad |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go through verbo | atravesar | |
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | reponer, suplir |
| reach out verbo | tender la mano | |
| write down verbo | apuntar, anotar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 19 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, I'm, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, mentality /mɛnˈtæləti/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como ignorance, equation, element.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is called · being told · are classified |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have always asked · they've been · haven't come |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.