Shadowing Practice: What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming - Learn English Speaking with Video
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In the modern age, we've lost our reverence for the dream state, but more and more evidence is accumulating which suggests
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that REM sleep was absolutely critical to the evolution of the special cognitive capacities that human beings evidence and our special creativity.
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There are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose.
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Human REM sleep has a lot of very peculiar characteristics.
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Every 90 minutes we go into REM sleep and our bodies become paralyzed, yet our brains are more activated than they are during waking consciousness,
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and we're forced to watch these things we call dreams.
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So why would Mother Nature do something like that?
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The older models, when you look at Freud and you look at more Jungian thought, and there's still people who really use the Jungian thought of dream analysis,
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is really that you analyze the dreams.
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The dreams are there for a purpose.
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For some people they say it's about wish fulfillment, it's about the things that you're never able to do in your day, you're actually fulfilling at night.
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There other people who will say that it's actually telling you something.
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If there's a lot of fear that's going on, if there's a lot of anxiety, it's manifesting itself in your nocturnal world so
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that analyzing it can help to open up thoughts about what you need to do during the day.
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So a lot of people who subscribe to the psychoanalysis, the onion thought, will really focus a lot on dreams, the meaning, and how it can be used to help you during the day.
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Now if you go to more modern thought, there are some people who believe that dreams really are just kind of a throwaway thing.
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They're just a way of your brain processing what's happened during the day but there's really no meaning to them.
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A lot of imagery of just flashes of what happened.
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There are other people that think that dreams actually do serve a purpose but what that purpose is we're not really sure.
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So some people will believe
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that it actually does have some psychological representation of what's going on in the day
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but there's no need to sit and really analyze it.
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Other people like myself think
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that dreams are almost a reenactment of what happened during the day
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but it's a way of you figure out your brain processing
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to figure out what does it need to hold on to and remember and what can it just throw away.
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So it's like your brain has a large filing cabinet
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and it's opening up each drawer and it's taking in various images and memories from the day, consolidating what it needs to and puts it in whatever file
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and then if there's something that doesn't fit in any of the files and doesn't really belong, you'll forget about it.
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So it's a way of really getting a succinct way of storing things in your brain.
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We see glimpses of these other possible worlds in our dreams.
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What REM sleep normally does is it creates all kinds of bizarre ideas but all kinds of creative ideas as well.
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When our ancestors in the Upper Paleolithic acquired greater access to the REM sleep state both during sleep and during waking consciousness,
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it helped to fuel the onset of cumulative cultural evolutionary processes.
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We know that REM sleep is especially important for human beings because it creates these dissociative experiences and associative experiences.
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Dissociative experiences are something
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that lots of us experience with this dreamy states where you feel like you're not quite yourself
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and you're in like a deja vu experience
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or a fluid mental state a flow state
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but you're not sure what's real what's unreal
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because you're immersed in all this imagery
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but as you go through those kinds of dissociative states it starts to relax
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or resolve into an associative state so that things
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that were previously unrelated get combined and
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when unrelated ideas combined creative innovative things happen and REM sleep promotes
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that associative state big time our culture has lost its reverence
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for the dream state whereas traditional cultures absolutely reverenced dreams
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and I think some do references would help the culture
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because it would create more openness to creativity
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and disparate ideas this can help us solve the unknown unknowns
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and help us get creative solutions to the problems people are facing.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming”. Las palabras que más se repiten: dream, sleep, Rem, brain, experience. Este vídeo tiene 35 frases y 754 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:42. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 161 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| analyze verbo | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | analizar |
| combine verbo | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | combinar, juntar |
| consciousness sustantivo | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | conciencia |
| creativity sustantivo | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | creatividad |
| unrelated adjetivo | no relacionado | |
| anxiety sustantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | zozobra, ansiedad |
| flash verbo | /flæʃ/ | destellar, flashear |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| evolution sustantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolución |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | mientras que (locution) |
| belong verbo | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | pertenecer [with en or a] |
| representation sustantivo | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | representación |
| relax verbo | /ɹɪˈlæks/ | relajar, aflojar |
| psychological adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicológico |
| fluid sustantivo | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluido |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| figure out verbo | averiguar, captar |
| go through verbo | atravesar |
| throw away verbo | tirar, echar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who believe · people who really · people who will |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | we've lost · has lost |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, doesn't, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, flash /flæʃ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, solve /sɒlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: imagery /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como analyze, combine, consciousness.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.