Prática de Shadowing: Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Our great intelligence causes great anxiety.
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There's a burden to our cognitive enlightenment.
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As existential organisms, there's all sorts of supernatural beliefs that we invest in.
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There's the common ones that most people are familiar with related to the religious traditions that we're part of,
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but there's also all sorts of other types of supernatural beliefs such as the belief in ghosts, a belief in other types of spirits,
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a belief in psychic powers, a belief in almost superhuman abilities like mind reading.
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We also invest in things that aren't necessarily hardcore beliefs but that we might refer to as supernatural light, things like UFOs and aliens.
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Our interest in the supernatural is probably a story as old as our species.
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There's something about wanting to not be confined by earthly parameters.
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The story of supernatural thinking is a complex one.
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That is, there's not just one source or one cause of our supernatural interest, but a big one is the realization of our mortality.
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Supernatural beliefs give us some sense that even though life on this planet is short, even though it's uncertain.
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There's a part of me that is more than that.
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There's a part of me that's beyond my material existence.
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I have some spiritual essence that transcends mortality.
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We also have to deal with the loss of loved ones.
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And supernatural beliefs help us deal with loss.
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When a loved one passes, we gain some sense of comfort and our sadness that we still remain connected to them in some way.
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In some way, the relationship persists, even though they're not physically with us anymore.
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All animals at some level need to make sense of the external world.
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It helps to have some basic understanding of cause and effect.
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But what makes humans unique is not only do we need to make sense of our external world
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so we can navigate it, but we also have an internal world.
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We're very introspective.
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We're highly self -aware, and so we want to make sense of our own lives.
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And supernatural beliefs can help us make sense of the external world by helping make it more orderly and predictable,
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but it also plays a critical role in helping us make sense of our own existence.
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At some level, all humans are aware of the fact that we're tiny.
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We're tiny in a lot of ways, right?
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If you think about our relative size in the universe,
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we're just a tiny speck on a planet that's just a tiny part of a much larger universe.
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In addition to that, if you think about the concept of time, that also makes us feel small.
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We know that our time on this planet is very brief in the grand scheme of things.
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Supernatural beliefs help us connect ourselves to something that solves that problem of smallness.
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Even though I'm only here for a brief moment in time, I'm connected to others who have been here for a long time
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and hopefully connected to others that will be here for a long time in the future.
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As humans who are highly introspective, we have all sorts of insecurities and personal struggles that we have to deal with.
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Supernatural beliefs in a lot of ways help us.
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They help offer guidance.
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They help us feel like there's some sense of order or purpose in our lives.
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They're part of that dialogue with the self.
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That's one of the reasons people pray, for instance, is they want to have a conversation
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or connection with the divine as a way to help resolve some of their personal challenges and struggles.
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So there seems to be a lot of evidence that supernatural thinking is natural to humans.
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It's part of what it means to be a human, but that doesn't necessarily mean it's good.
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Critics of supernatural beliefs would think that they can make us believe in things that are just scientifically false.
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Supernatural beliefs can make people dogmatic, which can and contribute to serious conflict, even war.
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At the same time, they are actually also quite good for us.
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That anxiety inspires us.
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It's part of the story of what makes us want to advance society
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and to help others because we look beyond the mortal self.
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Supernatural beliefs help us feel like we're part of a meaningful cosmic drama.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode”. As palavras que mais se repetem: supernatural, belief, sense, tiny, sorts. Este vídeo tem 36 frases e 724 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:34. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 158 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 82% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| belief substantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | crença |
| supernatural adjetivo | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | sobrenatural |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| necessarily advérbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| invest verbo | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | investir |
| mortality substantivo | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | mortalidade |
| relative substantivo | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | parente, parenta |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | encaminhar |
| ghost substantivo | /ɡoʊst/ | fantasma, espectro |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| comfort substantivo | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | conforto |
| pray verbo | /pɹeɪ/ | rezar, orar |
| spiritual adjetivo | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | espiritual |
| contribute verbo | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | contribuir |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, they're, aren't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, realization /ˌɹɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, ghost /ɡoʊst/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, mortal /ˈmɔɹ.təl/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como belief, supernatural, connect.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.