シャドーイング練習: Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Our great intelligence causes great anxiety.
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There's a burden to our cognitive enlightenment.
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As existential organisms, there's all sorts of supernatural beliefs that we invest in.
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There's the common ones that most people are familiar with related to the religious traditions that we're part of,
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but there's also all sorts of other types of supernatural beliefs such as the belief in ghosts, a belief in other types of spirits,
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a belief in psychic powers, a belief in almost superhuman abilities like mind reading.
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We also invest in things that aren't necessarily hardcore beliefs but that we might refer to as supernatural light, things like UFOs and aliens.
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Our interest in the supernatural is probably a story as old as our species.
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There's something about wanting to not be confined by earthly parameters.
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The story of supernatural thinking is a complex one.
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That is, there's not just one source or one cause of our supernatural interest, but a big one is the realization of our mortality.
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Supernatural beliefs give us some sense that even though life on this planet is short, even though it's uncertain.
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There's a part of me that is more than that.
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There's a part of me that's beyond my material existence.
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I have some spiritual essence that transcends mortality.
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We also have to deal with the loss of loved ones.
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And supernatural beliefs help us deal with loss.
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When a loved one passes, we gain some sense of comfort and our sadness that we still remain connected to them in some way.
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In some way, the relationship persists, even though they're not physically with us anymore.
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All animals at some level need to make sense of the external world.
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It helps to have some basic understanding of cause and effect.
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But what makes humans unique is not only do we need to make sense of our external world
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so we can navigate it, but we also have an internal world.
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We're very introspective.
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We're highly self -aware, and so we want to make sense of our own lives.
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And supernatural beliefs can help us make sense of the external world by helping make it more orderly and predictable,
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but it also plays a critical role in helping us make sense of our own existence.
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At some level, all humans are aware of the fact that we're tiny.
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We're tiny in a lot of ways, right?
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If you think about our relative size in the universe,
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we're just a tiny speck on a planet that's just a tiny part of a much larger universe.
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In addition to that, if you think about the concept of time, that also makes us feel small.
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We know that our time on this planet is very brief in the grand scheme of things.
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Supernatural beliefs help us connect ourselves to something that solves that problem of smallness.
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Even though I'm only here for a brief moment in time, I'm connected to others who have been here for a long time
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and hopefully connected to others that will be here for a long time in the future.
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As humans who are highly introspective, we have all sorts of insecurities and personal struggles that we have to deal with.
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Supernatural beliefs in a lot of ways help us.
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They help offer guidance.
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They help us feel like there's some sense of order or purpose in our lives.
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They're part of that dialogue with the self.
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That's one of the reasons people pray, for instance, is they want to have a conversation
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or connection with the divine as a way to help resolve some of their personal challenges and struggles.
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So there seems to be a lot of evidence that supernatural thinking is natural to humans.
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It's part of what it means to be a human, but that doesn't necessarily mean it's good.
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Critics of supernatural beliefs would think that they can make us believe in things that are just scientifically false.
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Supernatural beliefs can make people dogmatic, which can and contribute to serious conflict, even war.
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At the same time, they are actually also quite good for us.
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That anxiety inspires us.
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It's part of the story of what makes us want to advance society
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and to help others because we look beyond the mortal self.
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Supernatural beliefs help us feel like we're part of a meaningful cosmic drama.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：supernatural, belief, sense, tiny, sorts。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が36文、単語が724語あります。 音声の長さは4:34です。 話す速さは1分あたり約158語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| belief 名詞 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 確信 |
| supernatural 形容詞 | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | 超自然の |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| anxiety 名詞 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 心配, 不安 |
| invest 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | 投入する |
| mortality 名詞 | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | 必滅 |
| relative 名詞 | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | 親戚, 身内 |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 問い合わせる |
| ghost 名詞 | /ɡoʊst/ | 幽霊, 亡霊 |
| solve 動詞 | /sɒlv/ | 解決する |
| comfort 名詞 | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | 快適さ |
| pray 動詞 | /pɹeɪ/ | 祈る, 祈祷する |
| spiritual 形容詞 | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | 精神的 |
| contribute 動詞 | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | 貢献する |
| guidance 名詞 | /ˈɡaɪdəns/ | 案内 |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, they're, aren'tなど、短縮形や弱形を13回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, realization /ˌɹɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, solve /sɒlv/, divine /dɪˈvaɪn/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: belief /bɪˈliːf/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/, meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。belief, supernatural, connectなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。