シャドーイング練習: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が63文、単語が815語あります。音声の長さは5:44です。話す速さは1分あたり約142語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
modest 形容詞	/ˈmɑdəst/	謙虚な, 謙遜した
emphasize 動詞	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	強調する, アクセントをつける
worship 名詞	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	礼拝
addiction 名詞	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	嗜癖
gambling 名詞	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	賭博, 博奕
insecurity 名詞		コンプレックス
vast 形容詞	/væst/	広大な, 莫大な
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	被る
sake 名詞	/ˈseɪ̯k/	-のために
mortgage 名詞	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	抵当, 抵当権
feedback 名詞	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	フィードバック, 反応
psychology 名詞	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	心理学, サイコロジー
concentration 名詞	/ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/	集中, 集中力
relate 動詞	/ɹɪˈleɪt/	繋げる
bias 名詞	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	偏り, 傾斜

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
pay back 動詞	/peɪ bæk/	払い戻す

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作	has been declining · I've been conducting
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	I've always been · has been said
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are caused · has been said

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, shouldn't, I'veなど、短縮形や弱形を13回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
「sh」と「zh」の音: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/, charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vast /væst/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, overconfidence /oʊvɚˈkɑnfɪdənts/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, foster /ˈfɒstə/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。modest, emphasize, worshipなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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