Shadowing Practice: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Learn English Speaking with Video

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. Deze video bevat 63 zinnen en 815 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:44. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 142 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:

Woord	Uitspraak	Betekenis
competence zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈkɑm.pə.təns/	competentie, bekwaamheid
modest bijvoeglijk naamwoord	/ˈmɑdəst/	bescheiden, ingetogen
emphasize werkwoord	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	benadrukken, beklemtonen
worship zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	verering, aanbidding
addiction zelfstandig naamwoord	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	verslaving, verslaafdheid
gambling zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	kansspel, gokspel
insecurity zelfstandig naamwoord		onzekerheid
vast bijvoeglijk naamwoord	/væst/	enorm
suffer werkwoord	/ˈsʌfɚ/	lijden
decline werkwoord	/dɪˈklaɪn/	afnemen, terugvallen
sake zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈseɪ̯k/	-halve, wille
mortgage zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	hypotheek
foster werkwoord	/ˈfɒstə/	verzorgen, opvoeden
feedback zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	terugkoppeling
domain zelfstandig naamwoord	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	domein

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

Woord	Uitspraak	Betekenis
pay back werkwoord	/peɪ bæk/	terugbetalen

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

Structuur	In de video
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — iets dat eerder begon en nog bezig is	has been declining · I've been conducting
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt	I've always been · has been said
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet	are caused · has been said

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 13 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, shouldn't, I've. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

De “th”-klanken: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
De klanken “sh” en “zh”: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
/æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: gambling /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/, vast /væst/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/, banker /ˈbæŋkəː/
/g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gambling /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/, mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/, greedy /ˈɡɹiːdi/, arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/

Zo oefen je met deze video

Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als competence, modest, emphasize.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →

Shadowing Practice: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Learn English Speaking with Video

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