Shadowing Practice: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Learn English Speaking with Video

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”. Las palabras que más se repiten: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. Este vídeo tiene 63 frases y 815 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:44. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 142 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 82 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
competence sustantivo	/ˈkɑm.pə.təns/	competenza
modest adjetivo	/ˈmɑdəst/	modesto, humilde
emphasize verbo	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	enfatizar, hacer hincapié
commonly adverbio	/ˈkɑmənli/	comúnmente
worship sustantivo	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	culto
addiction sustantivo	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	adicción, vicio
gambling sustantivo	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	juego de azar, timbeo
vast adjetivo	/væst/	vasto, enorme
suffer verbo	/ˈsʌfɚ/	sufrir, penar
decline verbo	/dɪˈklaɪn/	periclitar, declinar
sake sustantivo	/ˈseɪ̯k/	causa, gracia
mortgage sustantivo	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	hipoteca
foster verbo	/ˈfɒstə/	acoger, cobijar
feedback sustantivo	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	valoración, comentario
domain sustantivo	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	dominio

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
pay back verbo	/peɪ bæk/	devolver

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúa	has been declining · I've been conducting
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora	I've always been · has been said
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	are caused · has been said

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 13 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, shouldn't, I've. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “th”: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vast /væst/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, overconfidence /oʊvɚˈkɑnfɪdənts/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/
/dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como competence, modest, emphasize.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Learn English Speaking with Video

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