تدريب Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 63 جملة و815 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:44. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 142 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 82% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمة	النطق	المعنى
modest صفة	/ˈmɑdəst/	مُتْوَاضِع
emphasize فعل	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	شَدَّدَ
commonly ظرف	/ˈkɑmənli/	غالبا, عَادَةً
worship اسم	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	عِبَادَة
addiction اسم	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	إِدْمَان
gambling اسم	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	قِمَار, مُقَامَرَة
vast صفة	/væst/	شَاسِع, وَاسِع
suffer فعل	/ˈsʌfɚ/	تَأَلَّمَ, عَانَى
sake اسم	/ˈseɪ̯k/	غاية, غَرَض
mortgage اسم	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	رَهْن, رَهْن عَقَارِيّ
feedback اسم	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	تَلْقِيم اِسْتِرْجَاعِيّ, تَقْيِيم
psychology اسم	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	سَيْكُولُوجْيَا, عِلْم النَّفْس
concentration اسم	/ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/	تَرْكِيز
bias اسم	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	تَحَيُّز
humble صفة	/ˈhʌmbəl/	مُتَوَاضِع

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمة	النطق	المعنى
pay back فعل	/peɪ bæk/	جَازَى

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيب	في الفيديو
المضارع التام المستمر have/has been + -ing — حدث بدأ سابقًا وما زال مستمرًا	has been declining · I've been conducting
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن	I've always been · has been said
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله	are caused · has been said

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 13 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, shouldn't, I've. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

أصوات “th”: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
أصوات “sh” و“zh”: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

/p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: competence /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
/v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: vast /væst/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, overconfidence /oʊvɚˈkɑnfɪdənts/
تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: competence /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/, modest /ˈmɑdəst/, gambling /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/, vast /væst/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل modest, emphasize, commonly.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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تدريب Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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