Практика Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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63 предложений
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1
So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.
2
My problem is I have too much of it.
3
And in Argentina this is quite common.
4
We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,
5
even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.
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We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.
7
And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.
8
And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.
9
So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.
10
And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.
11
Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.
12
And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.
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Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.
14
So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.
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And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,
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you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.
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Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.
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Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.
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And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.
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For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,
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why some people gamble and are into compulsive,
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pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,
23
but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.
24
Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,
25
drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions
26
and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.
27
Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.
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And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,
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a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,
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which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.
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Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.
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Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.
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Yes.
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It's true.
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It's a fact.
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And also why so many people, especially teenagers,
37
are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.
38
And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.
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And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.
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They can only like it.
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So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,
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which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.
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Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.
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And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.
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There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.
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For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.
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And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.
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Maybe you should pay attention to it.
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At the same time, the reason why
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so many people suffer from having low self -concept is
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because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.
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So what you should do about it is try to reduce
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that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.
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not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,
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that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.
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And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.
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And there are many advantages to modesty.
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It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.
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It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.
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And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.
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So the message is clear.
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A less confident world would be a better world.
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Thank you very much.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking». Чаще всего повторяются слова: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. В этом видео 63 предложений и 815 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:44. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 142 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| competence существительное | /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/ | спосо́бность, уме́ние |
| modest прилагательное | /ˈmɑdəst/ | скро́мный |
| emphasize глагол | /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/ | подчёркивать, подчеркну́ть |
| commonly наречие | /ˈkɑmənli/ | обы́чно, обыкнове́нно |
| worship существительное | /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/ | поклоне́ние, почита́ние |
| addiction существительное | /əˈdɪkˌʃən/ | зави́симость, адди́кция |
| gambling существительное | /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/ | аза́ртная игра́, аза́ртные и́гры |
| insecurity существительное | небезопасность, комплекс | |
| vast прилагательное | /væst/ | обши́рный, огро́мный |
| suffer глагол | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | страда́ть, му́чаться |
| decline глагол | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | спада́ть |
| sake существительное | /ˈseɪ̯k/ | причи́на |
| mortgage существительное | /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ | ипоте́ка |
| foster глагол | /ˈfɒstə/ | воспи́тывать |
| feedback существительное | /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ | о́тзыв, о́тклик |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| pay back глагол | /peɪ bæk/ | отплатить, расплатиться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + -ing — действие началось раньше и продолжается | has been declining · I've been conducting |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | I've always been · has been said |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are caused · has been said |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 13 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, shouldn't, I've. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: humble /ˈhʌmbəl/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как competence, modest, emphasize.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.