跟读练习: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 通过视频学习英语口语

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit。这段视频共有 63 个句子、815 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:44。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 142 个词，很适合跟读。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
modest 形容词	/ˈmɑdəst/	謙虛 /谦虚, 謙讓 /谦让
emphasize 动词	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	強調 /强调, 著重
commonly 副词	/ˈkɑmənli/	通常
worship 名词	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	崇拜, 禮拜 /礼拜
addiction 名词	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	成癮 /成瘾
gambling 名词	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	賭博 /赌博
vast 形容词	/væst/	浩大
suffer 动词	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
decline 动词	/dɪˈklaɪn/	惡化 /恶化
mortgage 名词	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	抵押, 抵押貸款 /抵押贷款
foster 动词	/ˈfɒstə/	營造 /营造
feedback 名词	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	反饋 /反馈, 反應 /反应
domain 名词	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	領域 /领域
psychology 名词	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	心理學 /心理学
recover 动词	/ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/	追回, 收复

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
pay back 动词	/peɪ bæk/	賠 /赔, 報償 /报偿

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成进行时 have/has been + -ing — 以前开始、现在仍在继续的动作	has been declining · I've been conducting
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	I've always been · has been said
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	are caused · has been said

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 13 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, shouldn't, I've。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vast /væst/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, overconfidence /oʊvɚˈkɑnfɪdənts/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: competence /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/, modest /ˈmɑdəst/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, vast /væst/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/, charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 modest, emphasize, commonly 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 通过视频学习英语口语

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