쉐도잉 연습: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 63개와 단어 815개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:44입니다. 화자는 분당 약 142단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 82%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
modest 형용사	/ˈmɑdəst/	겸손하다
emphasize 동사	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	강조(强調)하다
worship 명사	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	예배, 숭배
addiction 명사	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	중독, 탐닉
gambling 명사	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	도박, 노름
vast 형용사	/væst/	광대하다, 거대하다
suffer 동사	/ˈsʌfɚ/	괴로와하다, 시달리다
mortgage 명사	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	저당, 저당권
feedback 명사	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	피드백, 비평
psychology 명사	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	심리학
concentration 명사	/ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/	집중, 집중력
bias 명사	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	편견
humble 형용사	/ˈhʌmbəl/	겸손한, 경멸한
teenager 명사	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	틴에이저, 십대
detection 명사	/dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/	탐지, 수색

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
pay back 동사	/peɪ bæk/	갚다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	has been declining · I've been conducting
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've always been · has been said
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are caused · has been said

주의할 발음

화자는 you're, shouldn't, I've 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 13번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, foster /ˈfɒstə/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vast /væst/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, overconfidence /oʊvɚˈkɑnfɪdənts/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, modest, emphasize, worship 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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