Pratica di Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. Questo video contiene 63 frasi e 815 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:44. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 142 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 82% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
competence sostantivo	/ˈkɑm.pə.təns/	competenza
modest aggettivo	/ˈmɑdəst/	modesto
emphasize verbo	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	enfatizzare, sottolineare
commonly avverbio	/ˈkɑmənli/	comunemente, frequentemente
worship sostantivo	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	adorazione, venerazione
addiction sostantivo	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	dipendenza, assuefazione
gambling sostantivo	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	giochi d'azzardo, gioco d'azzardo
vast aggettivo	/væst/	ampio, vasto
suffer verbo	/ˈsʌfɚ/	soffrire, penare
decline verbo	/dɪˈklaɪn/	declinare
sake sostantivo	/ˈseɪ̯k/	causa
mortgage sostantivo	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	ipoteca
foster verbo	/ˈfɒstə/	allevare, adottare
feedback sostantivo	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	valutazione, riscontro
domain sostantivo	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	dominio

I phrasal verb che sentirai

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
pay back verbo	/peɪ bæk/	ripagare, restituire

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

Struttura	Nel video
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso	has been declining · I've been conducting
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso	I've always been · has been said
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	are caused · has been said

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 13 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, shouldn't, I've. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “th”: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
I suoni “sh” e “zh”: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

/h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: humble /ˈhʌmbəl/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: competence /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/, modest /ˈmɑdəst/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, vast /væst/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: gambling /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/, vast /væst/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/, banker /ˈbæŋkəː/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come competence, modest, emphasize.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

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Pratica di Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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