Pratique du Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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So I grew up in Argentina, which means I always had a problem with confidence.

My problem is I have too much of it.

And in Argentina this is quite common.

We have a charming tendency to think that we are the greatest country in the world,

even though our nation has been declining for about 100 years.

We are, according to some economic standards, the only perpetually devolving nation in the world.

And to cope with this or maintain our delusion, we also have the highest concentration of psychoanalysts per capita in the world.

And if you don't want to spend your life in therapy, you can do what I did, which is you become a psychologist yourself.

So I've always been interested in the relationship between confidence, how smart you think you are, and competence, how smart you actually are.

And for about 10 years, I've been conducting studies relating people's self -perceived abilities with their actual abilities.

Not just in Argentina, but in about 40 different countries.

And the surprising fact is that there is a very weak relationship between competence and confidence.

Not because most people are overly modest or underconfident, but because the vast majority of people think they're better than they actually are.

So overconfidence is one of the most pervasive biases in human thought.

And if you read popular psychology textbooks or are into the self -help industry,

you will know that there are two individual advantages of being overconfident.

Number one, it does feel good to think you're great, even if you're deluded.

Number two, that delusion can help you fool other people.

And yet, there is a dark side of overconfidence that is hardly ever emphasized.

For example, overconfidence explains why some people are much more likely to have traffic accidents, whether drivers, cyclists or pedestrians,

why some people gamble and are into compulsive,

pathological levels of gambling, and why we have financial gambling cases such as the last meltdown, which are caused not just by greedy investment bankers,

but also overconfident consumers who overestimate their ability to pay back their loans and mortgages.

Overconfidence is also behind major health threats and it explains why smokers,

drinkers, drug users, illegal or legal, and compulsive eaters are in denial about their addictions

and overestimate their ability to quit or underestimate the potential harmful effects that these addictions might have on them.

Even when they're aware of them, they think it will happen to other people, not to themselves.

And finally, overconfidence also fosters and promotes a narcissistic culture,

a narcissistic society where we commonly mistake confidence by competence,

which is why in any domain or profession of expertise there are so many charlatans in business.

Why arrogant and psychopathic employees are commonly promoted to managerial levels.

Why we have not enough women in charge because they are more modest and more underconfident.

Yes.

It's true.

It's a fact.

And also why so many people, especially teenagers,

are obsessed with being famous just for the sake of being famous and spend so much time worshipping those who worship themselves.

And why some of you might spend so much time updating your Facebook status, hoping that others like what you're doing.

And, you know, luckily they can't dislike it.

They can only like it.

So what's the solution? and I want to finish on a negative note,

which really is for your benefit and for our benefit, collective benefit.

Maybe it's better to see the glass as half empty.

And not enough has been said emphasizing the positive power of negative thinking.

There are key adaptational benefits to your insecurities and to low confidence.

For example, low confidence is a threat detection signal that tells you that you shouldn't be doing something.

And you know, if you hear a little inner voice that tells you you shouldn't do something, consider yourself lucky.

Maybe you should pay attention to it.

At the same time, the reason why

so many people suffer from having low self -concept is

because this signal is emphasizing a discrepancy between the person you want to be and the person you think you are.

So what you should do about it is try to reduce

that discrepancy or that gap between confidence and competence by working hard.

not by reading self -help books that tell you that you shouldn't worry about your self -esteem,

that you're great, no matter what other people think of you.

And finally, low confidence and insecurities are key to keep us modest, humble.

And there are many advantages to modesty.

It keeps us attentive to negative feedback, which means that we are more coachable.

It also stops us from being complacent, and it also makes us more likable.

And this is coming from a recovering Argentine.

So the message is clear.

A less confident world would be a better world.

Thank you very much.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : confidence, overconfidence, self, competence, benefit. Cette vidéo contient 63 phrases et 815 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:44. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 142 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
competence nom	/ˈkɑm.pə.təns/	compétence
modest adjectif	/ˈmɑdəst/	modeste
emphasize verbe	/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/	souligner, accentuer
commonly adverbe	/ˈkɑmənli/	communément, fréquemment
worship nom	/ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/	culte, adoration
addiction nom	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	dépendance, addiction
gambling nom	/ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/	jeux de hasard, pari
vast adjectif	/væst/	vaste, immense
suffer verbe	/ˈsʌfɚ/	souffrir
decline verbe	/dɪˈklaɪn/	décliner, péricliter
mortgage nom	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	hypothèque
foster verbe	/ˈfɒstə/	élever, adopter
feedback nom	/ˈfiːdˌbæk/	évaluation, réaction
domain nom	/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/	domaine
psychology nom	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	psychologie

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
pay back verbe	/peɪ bæk/	rembourser, rendre

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours	has been declining · I've been conducting
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	Argentina, which means · did, which is · meltdown, which are
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	I've always been · has been said
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	are caused · has been said

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 13 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, shouldn't, I've. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/, managerial /ˌmænɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹi.əl/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: humble /ˈhʌmbəl/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, charm /t͡ʃɑɹm/, teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme competence, modest, emphasize.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: TED@NYC: The Power of Negative Thinking - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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