Prática de Shadowing: Why humans believe “everything happens for a reason” | Clay Routledge - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
73 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
If you're a critic of religion or if you're someone who champions yourself as a strong believer in the power of rationality,
2
you probably think supernatural thinking is bad.
3
But I take the perspective that supernatural thinking is actually an important part of being a complete human being.
4
From a scientific point of view, all we know is what we have in this life.
5
But if we're open to supernatural possibilities, that allows us to at least explore or have hope that there's something about our existence,
6
something about the human spirit that transcends the material.
7
And when we are dealing with anxieties about mortality, when we're dealing with questions about purpose,
8
when we're dealing with just trying to understand our place in a large universe,
9
our minds naturally drift towards at least curiosities about the supernatural, if not outright belief.
10
My name is Clay Rutledge.
11
I'm an existential psychologist and I'm the director of the Human Flourishing Lab at the Archbridge Institute.
12
Supernatural thinking is really any type of idea or concept that stands outside of our scientific understanding of the material world.
13
The most common one that people are familiar with, of course, involves religion.
14
People want to make sense out of their lives and their environment and seeking a connection with the divine is one way.
15
But religion also has a very strong social component.
16
And when people in a community or in a family or even in a broader group share a supernatural belief system,
17
they have an invisible thread that helps connect them, that helps them feel like their social nature transcends the biological,
18
transcends the material, and that in a way makes their connections even that much richer.
19
But we're experiencing right now what many commentators refer to as the great decline when it comes to religion.
20
People are becoming less traditionally religious, but if you look at the reasons people are religious,
21
if you look at the nature of the human brain and the human mind, you'll find that the human quest for meaning,
22
the human orientation towards the supernatural, towards the transcendent, hasn't disappeared just because religion has declined.
23
So the question becomes, what are people doing with their spiritual nature?
24
What are they seeking?
25
What are they looking for?
26
And how are they meeting their existential needs if they're not doing so through the traditional religious practices that they once were?
27
You can see people engaging more in practices such as yoga, meditation, even martial arts, which by themselves aren't necessarily spiritual,
28
but they're often infused with the spiritual quality that people feel like they're part of something bigger than themselves ideally something transcendent.
29
And so in a lot of ways, supernatural beliefs are a form of psychological medicine,
30
and that they help us deal with some of the difficulties in life
31
and our need to grapple with the big existential questions.
32
So humans believe things like everything happens for a reason because we're an existential species.
33
We're a species that, in a lot of ways, is very goal-driven or very agentic.
34
We plan our own lives, we pursue things that we want to pursue, and so when we make things happen we see purpose in it.
35
And as a result we often just populate the world with that same type of thinking.
36
We assume there's purpose everywhere and we we tend to exaggerate that sometimes.
37
Teleological thinking is our attempt to impose design on experiences, events, or just anything we see in the world.
38
So that would be something like the sun exists to keep us warm, which from a scientific point of view is considered an error,
39
but from a non-scientific point of view, from a more psychological point of view, it seems to just be an aspect of the human condition
40
that we like to see the world in terms of design and in terms of purpose.
41
So lots of organisms are social.
42
Other organisms are even potentially political, but humans are more sophisticated than that.
43
We don't just look around us and try to fit in.
44
We try to have significance.
45
We want our lives to matter.
46
There are at least three distinct cognitive capacities that make humans intellectually unique.
47
One, we're very self-reflective.
48
We spend a lot of time turning inward, thinking about the nature of our existence.
49
In addition to that, we're able to mentally time travel.
50
So when I think about myself, I don't just think about myself in the present, I think about myself in the future.
51
I think about my goals, my hopes, and also my fears.
52
And finally, we have a capacity for high-level abstract thought.
53
In other words, we have imaginations.
54
You know, landing a rover on Mars would have seemed like total fiction,
55
and thanks to our imaginative capacities and our intellect we've been able to make that possible.
56
So those three things have really contributed to our existential nature, our ability to seek a life of meaning and purpose.
57
When we think of human cognition, we can think about two general categories.
58
And of course, I'm oversimplifying a little bit, but you can break things down into rational versus intuitive cognitive processes.
59
There's a metaphorical representation for this that we call heart versus head.
60
Of course, all these processes are taking place within the brain,
61
but these metaphors showcase that people understand that there's a difference between following your intuitions versus just following rational processes.
62
So yes, rationality is important.
63
When we're trying to solve problems, we need to approach it systematically using the scientific method, using logic.
64
But part of what makes humans inspired to improve the world, to improve their own lives,
65
to help others, to take on projects that advance civilization but they might not see complete in their own lifetime
66
isn't rational thinking necessarily it's intuitive thinking
67
and often it's supernatural thinking
68
it's feeling like they have a reason to be here regardless
69
of how people approach the question meaning the critical ingredient is
70
that you feel like you're an agent of meaning and
71
that is that you feel like you have the power within you to pursue a meaningful life.
72
And it's when we're making meaning that we're often at our best, that we're often the most inspired, the most creative, the most generous,
73
the most hopeful, the most optimistic, and the most willing to make sacrifices for others to advance society and to improve the world.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C11
The shock of doing nothing | Andrew Holecek
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Where is the evidence for God? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How many people are in hell? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C110
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why schools of the future will be designed with geneticists | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
Why sex, food, and shelter aren’t enough for Homo Sapiens | Agustín Fuentes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Evolution explains kindness—even when it kills us | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Become a great strategic thinker | Ian Bremmer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Mindfulness isn’t the only powerful mental state | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why ‘turning the other cheek’ is fundamentally misunderstood | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
What kind of atheist are you? | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C185
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The famous tree-falling thought experiment has a new answer | Lisa Feldman Barrett
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
12 traits emotionally intelligent people share (You can learn them) | Daniel Goleman for Big Think+
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C11
607 frases
Every Argument For Atheism
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
654 frases
Stuart & Cliffe Knechtle | Do Agnostics Just Want To Have Control? | Give Me an Answer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
115 frases
What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
125 frases
The Surprising Reason Your Past Still Controls You
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
347 frases
Doctor Explains: How to Train Your Brain to Crave Doing Hard Things
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
40 frases
Put Thought in its Right Place
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
202 frases
Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
9 frases
The Cure for the Sickness of Modern Society - Henry David Thoreau
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
76 frases
Make AI Believe in God to Keep Humans Safe, Scientist Argues
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
49 frases
Does God exist? Science does not have an answer.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why humans believe “everything happens for a reason””. As palavras que mais se repetem: supernatural, thinking, existential, scientific, religion. Este vídeo tem 46 frases e 1077 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:52. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 157 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| supernatural adjetivo | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | sobrenatural |
| belief substantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | crença |
| spiritual adjetivo | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | espiritual |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | contra, vérsus |
| pursue verbo | /pɚˈsu/ | perseguir |
| rational adjetivo | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | racional |
| necessarily advérbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente |
| psychological adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicológico |
| cognitive adjetivo | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitivo |
| inspire verbo | /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ | inspirar |
| organism substantivo | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | organismo |
| intuitive adjetivo | /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ | intuitivo |
| naturally advérbio | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | naturalmente |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | encaminhar |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 30 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, I'm, they're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/, component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como supernatural, belief, spiritual.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.