Pratique du Shadowing: Every Major Image Format Explained in 8 Minutes - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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JPEG.
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JPEG or JPG is the most widely used image format in the world, and it's the default format your phone camera saves photos in.
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And as so you know, JPEG and JPG are actually the exact same thing.
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The reason you sometimes see JPG instead of JPEG is because older Windows systems could only handle three -letter file extensions.
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Therefore, the letter E was excluded.
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Anyway, back before jpeg existed image files were so massive that sending
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or storing photos was a nightmare especially with the slow limited
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storage of early computers that's why jpeg was created using lossy compression
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that permanently throws away some of the image data your eyes
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barely notice anyway just to shrink the file size down this is great for storage
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and sharing since a jpeg can be a fraction of the size of the original image
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but because jpeg throws away data permanently it's not ideal for editing
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or zooming in since it becomes pixelated or blurry the moment you scale it up too much.
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That's because JPEG is a raster image, and in case you don't know, image files actually come in two major types, raster and vector.
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Raster images, like JPEG, are built out of a fixed grid of pixels, which means they lose quality and look blocky the moment you zoom in too far.
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Vector images, on the other hand, are built from lines and curves defined by math instead of pixels
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so they stay perfectly sharp no matter how big you scale them up
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which is why logos and icons are often made as vector files instead also saving
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and resaving a jpeg multiple times like after repeated edits keeps degrading the quality a little more each time
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but despite that jpeg remains the go -to for photographers social media
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and basically anyone who just needs a decent looking photo without
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the file size ballooning png png short for portable network graphics
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was created to fix the one thing jpeg could never do
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well keeping an image perfectly sharp without losing quality no matter how many times you save it
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so unlike jpeg's lossy compression png uses lossless compression instead
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which means it shrinks the file size without throwing away any of the original data.
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And on top of that, PNG also supports transparency, which lets you make part of an image completely invisible, which is why logos, icons,
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and layered designs are almost always saved as PNG.
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But because PNG doesn't throw anything away, the file sizes end up much bigger than a JPEG of the same image, especially for photos with a lot of detail and color variation.
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That's why PNG isn't really used for photography, but it's still the standard for screenshots, graphics and anything
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that needs a transparent background gif gif short for graphics interchange
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format is the format everyone recognizes for short looping animations
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and it's used everywhere from memes to reaction clips
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so the way gif pulls off animation is by storing multiple image frames inside one single file
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and then displaying them one after another in a loop
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but despite being
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so widely used gif has one major limitation it can only
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display 256 colors at once this is why gifs often look grainy
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or slightly off color compared to the original video they were
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made from since a lot of color detail simply gets lost
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in the process webp webp is a format created by google specifically to make websites load faster
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and it's slowly replacing both jpeg and png on modern sites.
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So the way WebP achieves this is by combining JPEG's small file size with PNG's transparency support, all in one format.
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This means a website can use a single format for both photos and transparent graphics instead of juggling two different ones.
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And because WebP compresses more efficiently than JPEG, images can be up to 30 % smaller at a similar quality level,
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which is a big deal for how fast a page loads on your phone.
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But despite all these advantages, Not every app, program, or older device fully supports WebP yet,
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which is why some people still convert WebP images back to JPEG
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or PNG just to make sure they'll open everywhere without issues.
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TIFF.
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TIFF, or T -I -F, short for Tagged Image File Format, is a format built specifically for professionals in printing,
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publishing, and photography who need the absolute highest image quality possible.
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So just like PNG, TIFF supports lossless compression, but it goes even further by supporting multiple layers,
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high color depth, and even multiple pages inside a single file.
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This is why TIFF is the standard format for scanned documents and print -ready photography, since printing companies need every tiny detail preserved with zero compression artifacts.
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But remember, because it stores so much data, TIFF files can get enormous, sometimes hundreds of megabytes for just one high -resolution image.
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And not only that, TIFF also isn't well supported by web browsers, so you'll basically never see a TIFF file used on a website.
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That's why, despite being the gold standard for print quality, Most people convert their TIFF files to JPEG or PNG the moment they need to share them online.
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The BMP or Bitmap is one of the oldest image formats still around, and it's been built into Windows since the very early days of the operating system.
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So the way BMP works is it stores every single pixel's color information directly with basically no compression at all.
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This is why BMP images look perfectly sharp with zero quality loss, but it also means the file sizes are massive,
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sometimes several times bigger than the exact same image saved as a JPEG or PNG.
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Because of this, BMP isn't really practical for sharing images online or storing large photo libraries,
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but it's still occasionally used in situations where speed matters more than file size, like certain image processing software,
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since the computer doesn't have to spend time decompressing anything before it can read the pixels.
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Other than that, though, most people today have basically no reason to use BMP anymore.
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H -E -I -F and H -E -I -C.
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H -E -I -C, short for High Efficiency Image Container, is the format Apple made the default for photos on iPhones.
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So the reason Apple switched to this was because JPEG, despite being everywhere, hadn't really improved in decades, while phone cameras were producing bigger and bigger photos every year.
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H -E -I -C solves this by using a much more advanced compression method the same one used in video
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which lets it store a photo at roughly half the file
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size of a jpeg with basically the same quality not only
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that hiec can also store multiple images
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or a live photos motion frames inside a single file but
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because it's still fairly new outside the apple ecosystem heic isn't well supported on windows
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or many websites avif avif is the newest image format on this list
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and it's built on the same av1 video technology
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that platforms like youtube use to stream video more efficiently
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so just like heic avif can compress images down to a fraction of a jpeg size
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while keeping the same visual quality but the difference is avif is completely open
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and royalty free
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which means any company can use it without paying licensing fees
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this is why avif is quickly becoming the preferred format for major websites since smaller images mean faster loading pages.
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However, encoding and decoding AVIF images takes more processing power compared to older formats,
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and just like HEIC, not every app or image viewer supports it yet, so you'll sometimes run into an AVIF file that simply won't open.
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But as more browsers and devices catch up, AVIF is expected to slowly become the standard, especially for the web.
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Oh yeah, JFIF, which stands for jpeg file interchange format isn't really a separate
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image format on its own it's more like a wrapper
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that defines exactly how a jpeg file should be structured
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so the way this works is jfif locks down details
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that regular jpeg left undefined like resolution aspect ratio and color space
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so a jpeg saved on one program looks the same
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when it's opened on a completely different device this is why
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technically almost every jpg file you've ever opened is actually a jfif file underneath you might have noticed this yourself
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if you've ever right clicked
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and saved an image from chrome since sometimes it saves as .jff instead of .jpg
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because chrome is technically labeling the file by what's actually inside it
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but despite being the exact same compression jfif can cause small compatibility headaches since some upload forms
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or older programs only look for a .jpg or .jpeg extension and reject a .jfif file even though it's identical data.
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So yeah, if that happens, you can literally just rename the extension and it'll work fine.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 100 phrases et 1489 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:48. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 169 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| format nom | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | format |
| compression nom | /kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/ | compression |
| graphics nom | /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ | graphisme |
| sharp adjectif | /ʃɑɹp/ | affilé, coupant |
| extension nom | /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/ | extension |
| photography nom | /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ | photographie |
| vector nom | /ˈvɛktɚ/ | vecteur |
| pixel nom | /ˈpɪk.səl/ | pixel |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| layer nom | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | couche |
| define verbe | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | déterminer |
| edit verbe | /ˈɛdɪt/ | modifier, corriger |
| default nom | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | défaut, non-respect |
| loop nom | /luːp/ | boucle |
| logo nom | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | logo, logotype |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| throw away verbe | rejeter, jeter |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
| lock down verbe | confiner |
| pull off verbe | sortir, retirer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was excluded · was created · are built |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | pixels, which means · anyone who just · invisible, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 16 contractions et formes réduites, comme isn't, doesn't, you'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: compression /kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: photography /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, permanently /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt.li/, transparency /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme format, compression, graphics.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.