Pratique du Shadowing: GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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50 phrases
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The most essential thing to learn from this video is that energy is never created or destroyed.
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It's only ever transferred between different forms and objects.
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This principle underlies loads of the physics course, but today we're just going to look at the different forms that energy can take,
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how energy moves between them, and what we mean by the term work done.
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Whenever energy is transferred to an object, the energy is stored in one of that object's energy stores.
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We take a look at each of them in other videos, but to give you a basic idea, there's thermal or internal energy,
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which is basically the heat energy trapped within an object and is related to the temperature of that object.
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Kinetic energy, which is associated with the movement
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or motion of an object gravitational potential energy which is the energy
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that an object possesses
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because of its position in a gravitational field elastic potential energy
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such as the energy held in an already stretched spring chemical energy
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which is held in chemical bonds magnetic energy
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which is what holds magnets to your fridge electrostatic energy
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which is what occasionally gives you a shock when you touch your car
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and finally nuclear energy
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which is what we get from breaking atoms apart now the key idea is
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that the energy in each of these stores isn't fixed instead
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it can be transferred from one to another
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this could be done mechanically such as physically stretching an elastic
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band electrically such as plugging something into a socket – by heating,
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or by radiation, like light or sound waves.
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When we consider a particular object, or group of objects, we can call the collection of matter a system,
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which is just the fancy term that you need to use in physics.
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When the system changes, energy is transferred, either between objects, or between different forms.
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In an open system, the matter of the system can exchange energy with the so -called outside world,
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which is just all of the matter that's outside of our system.
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This means that an open system can lose or gain energy as it interacts with the outside world.
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by comparison a closed system is separate from the outside world
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so neither matter nor energy can enter or leave and
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so even though energy can be transferred within the system the overall change is always zero
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to understand how this actually works in practice let's take a look at a couple of examples
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imagine we have a kettle and we fill it with water
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when we turn it on electrical energy from the plug socket
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flows to the heating element of the kettle where it's transferred
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electrically to the thermal energy store of the kettle's heating element
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which basically means
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that the flow of electricity warms the metal heating element the heating element
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then in turn transfers the energy over to the water's thermal energy store, and after a short while we have a boiled kettle.
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Another way of saying energy transferred is work done, and there are two main types you need to know, mechanical and electrical.
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Mechanical work done involves using a force to move an object, such as kicking a ball up in the air,
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which involves energy from the chemical energy store of your leg being transferred to the kinetic energy store of the ball.
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Electrical work, on the other hand, is done when current flows.
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You can think of this as the energy required to overcome the resistance in the wires of a circuit.
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To put this into practice, imagine a train that's about to cross a broken bridge.
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In order to stop, it applies the brakes, which creates friction between the brakes and the wheels.
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We say that the friction does work as it slows the train down,
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because it causes energy in the wheels' kinetic energy stores to be transferred to the thermal energy stores of the surroundings things,
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in the form of heat, which will hopefully slow down the train.
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Anyway, that's all for today, so if you enjoyed it, then let us know down below in the comments, and we'll see you next time!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : energy, object, transferred, store, heating. Cette vidéo contient 50 phrases et 696 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:01. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 139 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| element nom | /ˈɛləmənt/ | élément |
| thermal adjectif | /ˈθɜːməl/ | thermique |
| kettle nom | /ˈkɛ.təl/ | bouilloire |
| physics nom | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | physique |
| stretch verbe | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | étirer, étendre |
| mechanical adjectif | /məˈkænəkəl/ | mécanique |
| involve verbe | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | impliquer, involver |
| plug nom | /plʌɡ/ | fiche |
| brake nom | /bɹeɪk/ | frein |
| friction nom | /ˈfɹɪkʃən/ | frottement, friction |
| elastic adjectif | /ə-/ | élastique |
| socket nom | /ˈsɑkɪt/ | prise, douille |
| shock nom | /ʃɔk/ | choc |
| wire nom | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | fil |
| occasionally adverbe | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | occasionnellement |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| slow down verbe | ralentir, décélérer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is never created · is transferred · is associated |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | energy, which is · energy which is · heat, which will |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme isn't, we'll, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/, brake /bɹeɪk/, friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme element, thermal, kettle.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.