Pratique du Shadowing: How Erdogan Is Destroying Turkey’s Future - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
240 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
July 2016.
2
Factions of the Turkish military attempt a coup to remove incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
3
Tanks and soldiers fill the streets, fighter jets fly overhead, and the city falls into chaos.
4
But Erdogan fights back.
5
He FaceTimes into a TV station from a holiday resort and exclaims, there is no power higher than the power of the people.
6
His rallying cry moves thousands of ordinary
7
Turks to the streets in protest of the military takeover.
8
Within a day, Erdogan is back in Istanbul and the coup is squashed.
9
Fast forward to today and Turks out in the streets, protesting for democracy again.
10
But this time, their hero is Ekrem İmamoğlu, the mayor of Istanbul.
11
İmamoğlu, a rising star and political threat to Erdogan, has been handed a 20 -month sentence and faces charges of corruption and aiding a terror group.
12
The news led
13
Turkish financial markets to plunge, while police responded to demonstrations with tear gas and rubber bullets, detaining almost 1 ,900 protesters.
14
When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded
15
Turkey in 1923, his vision was a modern, secular, democratic nation rejecting the Ottoman past.
16
But now, Erdogan seems to be charting a new path.
17
Charismatic yet polarizing, he's dominated
18
Turkish politics since 2003, backed by a loyal base of working -class conservatives.
19
His critics believe he is destroying the economy and taking
20
Turkey on a path away from secular democracy and towards religious autocracy.
21
This is Erdogan, the new sultan.
22
In order to make sense of Erdogan's provocative agenda, we need to understand his rise to power.
23
Erdogan was born into a working -class conservative family in 1954 and attended a religious high school in Istanbul.
24
After graduating, he went almost directly into politics,
25
joining several Islamist parties and entering parliament for the first time in 1986 as a representative of a district of Istanbul.
26
His big break came in 1994 when he surprised the political establishment by winning the Istanbul mayoral election.
27
Over his four -year tenure, he was generally viewed as an effective mayor of the city.
28
Then 1999 happened.
29
He was jailed for reciting an Islamic poem at a 1997 rally, a violation of Turkey's rules on religion in public life.
30
And in 1999, he went to prison and in the process became a living martyr to conservative Turks.
31
He even released an album of poetry, which became a bestseller in the country.
32
With the wind at his back, he went on to found his political party, the Justice and Development Party, or AKP, in 2001.
33
The party was not overly Islamist, but instead sought to appeal to a broad, working -class, socially conservative base.
34
The strategy paid off, big time.
35
The AKP won a landslide victory in 2002.
36
They won again comfortably in 2007 and grew their vote shares further in the 2011 general election.
37
And in 2014, after 11 years as Prime Minister, Erdogan ran to be Turkey's first directly elected president
38
and won his first five -year term with 51 .8 % of the vote.
39
Erdogan was riding high on the back of strong economic growth that had significantly benefited his working -class base.
40
Turkey's poverty rate fell from 42 % in 2003 to around 14 % in 2013
41
while GDP per capita soared and inequality fell.
42
But despite his success, he had made enemies.
43
The 2016 coup attempt made Erdogan paranoid.
44
Mass arrests followed, with the administration claiming that the coup was plotted from overseas by his former ally Fethullah Gulen,
45
a charismatic preacher who led an influential
46
Islamic movement from exile in the US.
47
Gulen's supporters were aggressively purged from the government.
48
Since then, Erdogan has progressively centralised power around the presidency, with a referendum in 2017 that shifted the country to a presidential system.
49
He went beyond the halls of public office and clamped down on media criticism.
50
Turkey now ranks alongside countries like Belarus and Myanmar for the worst mistreatment of journalists.
51
It has plunged in global rankings of rule of law, now sitting at 117th worldwide, below even Russia.
52
However, Erdogan's dominance of Turkish politics is not absolute, and the country still has a semi -functioning democratic process.
53
He was forced into a second round in the 2023 election as public anger over the economy mounted, but nonetheless ultimately won.
54
He will now be in power until 2028.
55
The arrest of Ekram Imamoglu in March 2025 on dubious grounds
56
is seen by many as the latest step in this democratic decline and Erdogan's boldest move yet to snuff out political opposition.
57
And the takeaway from Erdogan's story?
58
He's a populist survivor, casting himself as the voice of a conservative majority against the liberal elite.
59
At the ballot box, he's almost unbeatable.
60
But politically, has he really succeeded?
61
Before we dive in, a quick thank you to our sponsor, Lindi AI, for making this video possible.
62
Lindi Build is the only AI app builder that tests before it ships.
63
Here's how it works.
64
Type what you want, Lindi builds it.
65
Then the built -in QA agent runs the tests, fixes bugs, and checks performance before you ever see it.
66
Zero to MVP in minutes.
67
So watch this.
68
Build me a beautiful SASH dashboard.
69
Done.
70
Huge navigation menu.
71
Functioning in seconds.
72
I even created my own
73
Congressional Build Tracking application that has all members, yes and no records, and a beautiful UI.
74
All tested.
75
All working.
76
Lindy Build is like having a $50 ,000 dev agency for the price of a pizza.
77
Stop dreaming about your app and start running your business.
78
From prompt to profit in minutes credits.
79
Go to go .lindy .ai to start now and claim $20 in free credits.
80
Now back to the video.
81
While Erdogan might be a populist, his recent economic moves have not been popular.
82
His erratic policymaking and assault on institutions has led the country into a full -blown crisis
83
that is only just starting to recover from.
84
If you want to look at one statistic that captures the performance of the Turkish economy under Erdogan, look at the value of the lira.
85
In 2015, one year after Erdogan took the presidency, one US dollar was equal to around three Turkish lira.
86
Fast forward to today, and one US dollar gives you no less than 41 Turkish lira.
87
But how did
88
Turkey get here?
89
Turkey has long been a high consumption, low savings economy that spends a lot on imports and finances this with overseas borrowing.
90
Two points stand out.
91
For one, Turkey has a large and persistent current account deficit, it, meaning that it consistently imports more than it exports.
92
Though the exact amount fluctuates year on year, if you look closer, you can see what's driving this.
93
Turkey is a massive net importer of two types of commodity, gold, which households use as a store of value,
94
and energy, much of it in the form of oil and gas from Russia, Azerbaijan, and other countries in the region.
95
According to Ministry of Finance data, net energy imports in 2024 stood at $49 billion, while net gold imports were $13 billion.
96
This current account deficit doesn't just mean that
97
Turkey imports more than it exports.
98
It also logically means that
99
Turkey consumes more than it produces.
100
If it consumes more than it produces, it has to fund this somehow.
101
And it does this through overseas borrowing.
102
And this has been at the core of Erdogan's economic model.
103
Turkey's external debt has climbed steadily over his tenure, rising from 35 % of GDP in 2005 to more than 55 % in 2019,
104
just before the pandemic.
105
Its current external borrowing levels are broadly similar to Argentina's, long considered a case study in how not to run an economy.
106
But here's where it gets a bit more complicated.
107
Turkey's government runs a sizable budget deficit, but government borrowing only accounts for around 23 % of the country's total external debt.
108
Instead, Turkey's overseas borrowing comes through local banks, who borrow it in dollars or euros and then swap it into lira and lend domestically.
109
46 % of the growth in foreign debt since 2005 has come from private sector and state bank borrowing,
110
and a further 33 % from private sector non -bank borrowing.
111
Together, they now account for nearly 70 % of Turkey's foreign debt.
112
Banks lent this money into the economy, which triggered a surge in spending, particularly on real estate and infrastructure.
113
And for a while, this worked out nicely for the Erdogan government.
114
The debt spurge gave the Turkish economy a big boost.
115
Turkish real GDP grew at an average of 5 .8 % from 2003 to 2017,
116
outperforming developing Europe and far better than the eurozone's dismal 1 .1%.
117
But this kind of foreign debt -fueled growth was unsustainable.
118
To keep borrowing at such high levels, a country must ensure foreign investors stay willing to fund the gap.
119
And second, it has to hold up the value of its currency so that this foreign currency -denominated debt remains manageable.
120
Erdogan lost both of these.
121
Things Something started to unravel in 2018 when the foreign investors who had funded his growth model started to get cold feet.
122
Higher levels of foreign borrowing and rising inflation from all
123
that credit -driven spending led into question whether Turkish borrowers would be able to pay off their debts,
124
and whether the central bank would have enough foreign currency reserves to preserve the value of the lira.
125
This loss of confidence started a vicious cycle.
126
The lira lost 40 % of its value against the US dollar in 2018, while inflation peaked at 25 % and economic growth stalled.
127
The central bank was forced to burn down its foreign currency reserves to try
128
and stop the lira falling even further Erdogan's economy was coming off the rails
129
But instead of hitting the brakes, he pushed the accelerator
130
Economics 101 says that when faced with a weakening currency and high inflation
131
The central bank should raise interest rates
132
But Erdogan disagreed
133
In fact, he famously argued the exact opposite
134
Claiming that cutting interest rates actually reduces inflation
135
As inflation continued to surge after the start of the crisis in 2018 Erdogan would not budge.
136
Things got worse and worse.
137
Economic growth slowed to a crawl and unemployment jumped to 13 .7%.
138
This chart tracks inflation against the Turkish central bank's own policy rate.
139
By the start of 2022, annualized inflation had hit 72%,
140
but he refused to allow significant increases in interest rates to try and bring the situation under control control.
141
His unorthodox views brought him into direct conflict with the Turkish Central Bank, which resulted in him sacking four bank governors between 2019 and 2023.
142
Only after the 2023 election did he start to accept reality and allow interest rates to rise.
143
Since then, inflation has started to gradually fall, and foreign borrowing has been wound in a bit.
144
But the road to recovery has been painful.
145
The IMF expects
146
Turkey's economy to grow by 2 .7 % this year versus a global average of 4 .1 % for emerging
147
and developing economies.
148
However, the problem wasn't just Erdogan's crazy monetary policy or his short -term support for debt -fueled growth.
149
It was the damage he has done to the independence of key institutions like the central bank
150
and rule of law that have led
151
Turkish and foreign investors alike to move their capital out of the country.
152
And that is why the markets reacted so badly to the arrest of Imamoglu,
153
because it demonstrated clearly that Erdogan is dismantling institutions the country needs for long -term economic success.
154
Turks may still vote for him, but the truth is simple.
155
He's making the country poorer.
156
Beyond the economy, Erdogan has also sought to reshape
157
Turkish society to make it more religious.
158
The modern Turkish Republic was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923 on the principle of secularism, the separation of religion and the state,
159
and the exclusion of religious codes from the country's legal system.
160
While Turkey remains constitutionally secular, this distinction has become increasingly blurred under Erdogan.
161
His party, the AKP, draws its large electoral majorities from a lower -income, socially conservative segment of Turkish society.
162
His political strategy has been a populist one, to draw a contrast between a Muslim Turkish population
163
and a secular elite that is out of touch with the traditions of the majority.
164
You can see this in his rhetoric.
165
In 2014, he drew outrage at a summit in Istanbul by saying that
166
Islam had defined women's position in society as motherhood.
167
And he's also repeatedly criticised LGBT activist groups as undermining the country's national and spiritual values, despite homosexuality actually being legal in the country.
168
It's not just speeches.
169
It's also evident in his efforts to peel back laws designed to keep religion out of public life in Turkey.
170
In 2013, he lifted restrictions on religious clothing, most prominently women's headscarves, in Turkish public institutions such as the military and schools.
171
He has tightened the screws on alcohol consumption, outrightly banning the sale of alcohol for a period of time during the pandemic,
172
and more recently requiring producers to put up collateral of up to 50 million lira, then around $1 .7 million to produce alcohol.
173
And he even tried to justify his unconventional views on interest rates
174
that we mentioned earlier by saying that high interest rates were un -Islamic.
175
However, perhaps the clearest insight into Erdogan's Islamic vision is in education.
176
Erdogan has set out to create what he calls a pious generation.
177
To do this, he has sought to dramatically expand a network of government -funded schools called Imam Hatip schools.
178
These schools offer a mixed curriculum of both standard subjects like maths and science and religious education,
179
which can include Arabic, Islamic jurisprudence and studying the Quran.
180
In 2002, when Erdogan's AKP first came to power, there were around 450 such schools in the country.
181
By late 2023, this has surged to around 1 ,700, with a six -fold increase in students.
182
These schools receive a disproportionately large share of government funding.
183
According to a 2018
184
Reuters investigation, they accounted for 23 % of the government's high school spending, despite only representing 11 % of the country's students.
185
And this is expected to continue.
186
According to ABC Gazetesi, a Turkish media outlet, government spending on Imam Hatip schools in 2025 is expected to grow by 51 % on last year,
187
with total funding between now and 2027 to total US $3 .6 billion.
188
US dollars.
189
Now, you could argue this would all make sense if this conservative
190
Islamic agenda reflected the wishes of a significant majority of Turks.
191
But here's the catch.
192
Religiosity in Turkey has actually fallen over his tenure, and according to polling, less than half of the population actually considers itself religious.
193
According to a poll by Kondo Research, the share of Turks identifying as religious has fallen from 55 % in 2008 to 46 % in 2025.
194
And in another poll by Pew Research, 74 % of Turks said that laws should not strictly follow the Quran.
195
So while Erdogan's reinsertion of religion into public life clearly pleases some
196
Turks, he has definitely not created a new national consensus on this issue.
197
The reason Erdogan is talked about so much abroad is not just because of his controversial domestic agenda, it's also because of his assertive foreign policy.
198
Turkey is in a unique position, both geographically and politically.
199
It is a member of NATO and wants to be part of the EU,
200
but Erdogan continually blames the West for Turkey's problems and has strong relations with Russia.
201
Erdogan's defining foreign policy issue has been the conflict across its southern border in Syria, which spiraled into civil war after the 2011 Arab Spring.
202
As president, Erdogan strongly supported the Syrian rebels in their fight to remove Bashar al -Assad.
203
They provided weapons and financing to Syrian opposition groups and launched several military incursions into north
204
East Syria despite outrage from other native members.
205
This was critical.
206
Because when Assad finally fell in 2024, Turkey emerged as one of the main power brokers in the country.
207
Since coming to power in December 2024, Syria's new leader, Ahmed al -Shahra, has made three visits to Turkey, more than any other country.
208
Ankara has already signed a defense support pact with the new government, cementing its influence over Damascus.
209
But Erdogan wasn't solely interested in getting rid of Assad.
210
The Syrian conflict was important for two other key issues.
211
First, Syria's collapse into violence triggered an exodus of refugees refugees, most of whom had to pass through Turkey to get to Europe.
212
At its peak in 2021, Turkey hosted more than 3 .8 million Syrian refugees.
213
And it has generally treated them well.
214
It has built well -equipped camps for them and given them access to healthcare and education.
215
However, the issue gave Erdogan significant leverage over the EU,
216
who were desperate to prevent a large influx of refugees and had to cooperate with Turkey to achieve this.
217
Erdogan used this to extract big concessions from the EU,
218
including 10 billion euros in funding for the refugees and visa -free access for Turks to Europe.
219
Second, the Syrian crisis allowed Erdogan to pursue his domestic objective of stamping out
220
Kurdish separatist movements like the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, which would wage a long war against the Turkish government from Syria
221
and Iraq in the hope of establishing a separate Kurdish state.
222
Turkish forces bombed PKK sites in northern Iraq and Syria
223
and claimed to have neutralized nearly 40 ,000 PKK fighters over its 10 -year campaign.
224
Erdogan now appears to have won this battle.
225
In May this year, the PKK announced that they would disband
226
and lay down their arms after backroom talks between Ankara and the gelled leadership of the organisation,
227
creating hope for an end to the long -running conflict.
228
Syria is a microcosm of a broader point.
229
Erdogan has been much more willing to throw
230
Turkey's weight around internationally and has been successful in doing so.
231
Whether leaders in NATO, Brussels or the Middle East like it or not, Turkey now has an important seat at the table.
232
Erdogan has had a colourful career, from working -class kid to mayor and from prisoner to president.
233
He has led the country into economic crisis, eroded its democracy and secular heritage,
234
and at the same time transformed it into a major player on the world stage.
235
He has done this as a populist leader who tapped public discontent and an out -of -touch elite.
236
But with polls suggesting that 67 % of Turks now want an end to the Erdogan era, the roles may be reversing.
237
Erdogan's rise to power was sealed
238
when he was sent to prison as the charismatic mayor of Istanbul who stood against an unpopular government.
239
And now, in seeking to remove his main rival Ekrem İmamolu, he has jailed another charismatic mayor of Istanbul who stands against another unpopular government.
240
As he thinks about the future, Erdogan should look to his own past.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
B22
How Greed is Destroying FIFA
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Why Plastic Surgery Is Destroying Korea
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Why Living In Australia Is Impossible
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Why the UK's Economy is Awful
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
C11
168 phrases
WW1's Forgotten Middle Eastern Theater
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
332 phrases
1984 DNC Tale of Two Cities Speech (Full)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1468 phrases
Kafandaki Kötü Senaryolar Seni Tüketiyor | Mehmet Yıldız
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
273 phrases
“I’ve seen how governments suppress freedom” | Telegram founder Pavel Durov at Oslo Freedom Forum
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
237 phrases
Why Muslim Countries Are Banning the Hijab in Schools
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
306 phrases
One on One with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
230 phrases
The Liberalism to Fascism Pipeline (Neoliberalism Explained)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
102 phrases
War Expert Reveals BRUTAL Truth About Iran’s Power Grab
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
171 phrases
My Country Is Choosing Extinction (Korea)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
57 phrases
Kurtlar Vadisi İngilizce - İstanbul'un Sefiri Çakırdır
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C14
514 phrases
Why Ukraine Is Doomed | Episode 6
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
283 phrases
Cocky MAGA Kid Can't DEFEND Trump's Actions and RUNS AWAY
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How Erdogan Is Destroying Turkey’s Future ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Erdogan, Turkish, Turkey, foreign. Cette vidéo contient 182 phrases et 3066 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 17:55. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 171 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| inflation nom | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflation |
| currency nom | /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ | monnaie, devise |
| import nom | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | importation |
| secular adjectif | /ˈsɛkjʊlə/ | séculier, laïque |
| overseas adverbe | /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ | à l'étranger |
| elite nom | /ɪˈlit/ | élite |
| poll nom | /poʊl/ | sondage |
| agenda nom | /əˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ | planning |
| deficit nom | /ˈdɛfəsɪt/ | déficit budgétaire |
| investor nom | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | investisseur, investisseuse |
| tenure nom | /ˈtɛn.jʊə/ | titularisation |
| argue verbe | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | affirmer, débattre |
| economics nom | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ | économie |
| consumption nom | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | consommation |
| fighter nom | /ˈfaɪtɚ/ | combattant, lutteur |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| pay off verbe | soudoyer | |
| burn down verbe | carboniser | |
| come off verbe | se détacher, se décoller | |
| fight back verbe | /faɪt bæk/ | contre-attaquer |
| hold up verbe | retenir | |
| lie down verbe | s'étendre, se coucher | |
| pass through verbe | traverser | |
| put up verbe | placer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been handed · has progressively centralised · has plunged |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is squashed · has been handed · was born |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme wasn't, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, northeast /noːˈθɪjst/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, heritage /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: agenda /əˈd͡ʒɛn.də/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/, outrage /ˈaʊt.ɹeɪd͡ʒ/, surge /sɝd͡ʒ/, chart /t͡ʃɑɹt/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: borrowing /ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/, currency /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/, import /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme inflation, currency, import.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.