Pratique du Shadowing: Seven Testing Principles: Software Testing - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Consider a scenario where you are moving a file from folder A to folder B.
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Think of all the possible ways you can test this.
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Pause the tutorial and think over the exercise.
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Apart from the usual scenarios, you can also test the following conditions.
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trying to move the file when it is open.
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You do not have the security rights to paste the file in folder B.
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Folder B is on a shared drive and storage capacity is full.
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Folder B already has a file with the same name.
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In fact, the list is endless.
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Or suppose you have 15 input fields to test, each having 5 possible values.
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The number of combinations to be tested would be 5 raised to 15.
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If you were to test all the possible combinations, project execution time and costs will rise exponentially.
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Hence, one of the testing principles states that exhaustive testing is not possible.
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Instead, we need the optimal amount of testing based on the risk assessment of the application.
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And the million dollar question is, how do you determine this risk?
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To answer this, let's do an exercise.
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In your opinion, which operation is most likely to cause your operating system to fail?
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I'm sure most of you would have guessed opening 10 heavy graphics applications all at the same time.
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So if you were testing this operating system, you would realize that defects are likely to be found in a multitasking module, and that needs to be tested thoroughly.
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Which brings us to our next principle, Defect Clustering, which states that a small number of modules contain most of the defects detected.
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With experience you can identify such risky modules.
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But this approach has its own problems.
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If the same tests are repeated over and over again, eventually the same test cases will no longer find new bugs.
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This is another principle of testing called pesticide paradox.
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To overcome this, the test cases need to be regularly reviewed and revised, adding new and different test cases to help find more defects.
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But even after all this sweat and hard work in testing, you can never claim your product is bug-free.
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To drive home this point, let's see this video of the public launch of Windows 98.
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Let's plug it in.
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It's going to say, hey, I see you plugged in a new device, and it's going to load in the appropriate drivers.
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You'll notice that this scanner build Whoa.
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Moving right along.
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That must be why we're not shipping Windows 98 yet.
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You would think a company like Microsoft would have tested their OS thoroughly
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and would not risk their reputation just to see their OS crashing during its public launch.
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Hence, the testing principle states that testing shows the presence of defects.
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Testing reduces the probability of undiscovered defects remaining in the software.
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But even if no defects are found, it is not a proof of correctness or a proof that no defects remain in the system.
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But what if you work extra hard, taking all precaution and making sure your software product is 99% bug-free
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and the software does not meet the needs and requirements of the client?
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Which leads us to our next principle, which states that absence of error is a fallacy.
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Finding and fixing defects does not help if the system build is unusable and does not fulfill the user's needs and requirements.
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To fix this problem, the next principle of testing, early testing, states that testing should start as early as possible in the software development lifecycle,
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so that any defects in the requirements or design phase are captured as well.
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We'll have more on this principle in a later tutorial.
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And the last principle of testing states that the testing is context dependent, which basically means
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that the way you test an e-commerce site will be different from the way you test a commercial off-the-shelf application.
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Before we close this tutorial, here's a quick recap of the seven testing principles.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Seven Testing Principles: Software Testing ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : testing, Defect, test, principle, folder. Cette vidéo contient 47 phrases et 665 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:50. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 138 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| defect nom | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | défaut |
| folder nom | /ˈfoʊldɚ/ | dossier, chemise |
| tutorial nom | /ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/ | didacticiel, tutoriel |
| module nom | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | module |
| thoroughly adverbe | /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/ | absolument, complètement |
| correctness nom | exactitude, justesse | |
| exhaustive adjectif | /ɪɡˈzɔstɪv/ | exhaustif |
| fallacy nom | /ˈfæl.ə.si/ | tromperie |
| multitasking nom | multitâche | |
| pesticide nom | /ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/ | pesticide |
| precaution nom | /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/ | précaution |
| revise verbe | /ɹɪˈvaɪz/ | revoir |
| unusable adjectif | inutilisable | |
| scanner nom | /ˈskænə/ | scanneur, scanner |
| paradox nom | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | paradoxe, antinomie |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| think over verbe | réfléchir |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 4 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, we'll, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, shelf /ʃɛlf/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: tutorial /ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, revise /ɹɪˈvaɪz/, paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme defect, folder, tutorial.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.