Pratique du Shadowing: The science of spiciness - Rose Eveleth - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Why does your mouth feel like it's on fire when you eat a spicy pepper?
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Why does your mouth feel like it's on fire when you eat a spicy pepper?
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And how do you soothe the burn?
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Why does wasabi make your eyes water?
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And how spicy is the spiciest spice?
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Let's back up a bit.
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First, what is spiciness?
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Even though we often say that something tastes spicy,
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it's not actually a taste,
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like sweet or salty or sour.
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Instead, what's really happening is that certain compounds in spicy foods activate the type of sensory neurons called polymodal nociceptors.
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You have these all over your body,
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including your mouth and nose.
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And they're the same receptors that are activated by extreme heat.
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So when you eat a chili pepper,
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your mouth feels like it's burning because your brain actually thinks it's burning.
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The opposite happens when you eat something with menthol in it.
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The cool, minty compound is activating your cold receptors.
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When these heat sensitive receptors are activated,
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your body thinks it's in contact with a dangerous heat source and reacts accordingly.
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This is why you start to sweat and your heart starts beating faster.
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The peppers have elicited the same fight or flight response with which your body reacts to most threats.
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But you may have noticed that not all spicy foods are spicy in the same way.
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And the difference lies in the types of compounds involved.
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The capsaicin and piperine found in black pepper and chili peppers are made up of larger,
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heavier molecules called alkylamides, and those mostly stay in your mouth.
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Mustard, horseradish, and wasabi are made up of smaller molecules called isothiocyanates that easily float up into your sinuses.
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This is why chili peppers burn your mouth and wasabi burns your nose.
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The standard measure of a food's spiciness is its rating on the Scoville scale,
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which measures how much its capsaicin content can be diluted before the heat is no longer detectable to humans.
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A sweet bell pepper gets zero Scoville heat units,
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while Tabasco sauce clocks in between 1200 and 2400 units.
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The race to create the hottest pepper is a constant battle,
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but two peppers generally come out on top.
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The Trinidad Moruga Scorpion and the Carolina Reaper.
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These peppers measure between 1.5 and 2 million Scoville heat units,
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which is about half the units found in pepper spray.
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So why would anyone want to eat something that causes such high levels of pain?
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Nobody really knows when or why humans started eating hot peppers.
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Archaeologists have found spices like mustard along with human artifacts dating as far back as 23,000 years ago,
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but they don't know whether the spices were used for food or medication or just decoration.
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More recently, a 6,000-year-old crockpot lined with charred fish and meat also contained mustard.
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One theory says that humans started adding spices to food to kill off bacteria,
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and some studies show that spice developed mostly in warmer climates,
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where microbes also happened to be more prevalent.
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But why we continue to subject ourselves to spicy food today is still a bit of a mystery.
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For some people, eating spicy food is like riding roller coasters.
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They enjoy the ensuing thrill even if the immediate sensation is unpleasant.
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Some studies have even shown
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that those who like to eat hot stuff are more likely to enjoy other adrenaline-rich activities like gambling.
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The taste for spicy food may even be genetic.
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And if you're thinking about training a bit to up your tolerance for spice, know this.
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According to some studies, the pain doesn't get any better.
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You just get tougher.
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In fact, researchers have found
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that people who like to eat spicy foods don't rate the burn any less painful than those who don't.
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They just seem to like the pain more.
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So torment your heat receptors all you want,
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but remember, when it comes to spicy food,
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you're going to get burned.
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Thank you.

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Why practice speaking with this video?

Engaging with the video "The Science of Spiciness" by Rose Eveleth offers a unique opportunity to improve your English speaking skills while diving into a fascinating topic. This video presents a rich context for discussion, making it ideal for enhancing your IELTS speaking practice. By practicing speaking alongside the video, you can work on fluency and pronunciation, allowing you to confidently express your thoughts on complex topics like food science. Utilizing the shadowing technique, where you mimic the speaker's words and intonation, can help you internalize vocabulary and improve your overall speaking abilities, essential for engaging conversations in English.

Grammar & Expressions in Context

Within the dialogue, several key grammatical structures and expressions stand out:

  • Causal Clauses: The speaker often uses phrases beginning with "why" to introduce reasons, such as "why does your mouth feel like it's on fire?" This structure is excellent for learners aiming to ask questions or create hypotheses.
  • Present Simple Tense: Phrases like "peppers have elicited" highlight the use of the present simple to discuss general truths. This tense helps convey ideas clearly and effectively.
  • Comparative Structures: The contrast between different spicy foods uses comparative language (e.g., "the difference lies in the types"). Understanding these comparisons can assist learners when discussing similarities and differences in various contexts.

Common Pronunciation Traps

As you practice speaking along with the video, pay close attention to these tricky words:

  • Capsaicin: Ensure you pronounce it as "kap-SAY-sin," emphasizing the second syllable correctly.
  • Isothiocyanates: This scientific term can trip up many learners. Practice breaking it down into syllables: "iso-thio-sci-an-ates."
  • Polymodal nociceptors: A complex term that requires practice to say smoothly. Focus on the rhythm while practicing to avoid sounding choppy.

Incorporating this vocabulary into your speech will not only expand your lexicon but also make you sound more fluent and knowledgeable. When using the shadowspeak method, aim for clarity and confidence in your pronunciation to benefit significantly from your language practice.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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