Shadowing Practice: Brutally Honest Advice From Steve Jobs | BEST SPEECH Ever! (HQ Version) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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179 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
2
Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life.
3
That's it.
4
The first story is about connecting the dots.
5
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
6
So why'd I drop out?
7
It started before I was born.
8
My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
9
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, So everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
10
Except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
11
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, we've got an unexpected baby boy.
12
Do you want him?
13
They said, horse.
14
My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college, and that my father had never graduated from high school.
15
She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
16
She only relented a few months later, when my parents promised that I would go to college to college.
17
This was the start in my life.
18
And 17 years later, I did go to college.
19
But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford.
20
And all of my working class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.
21
After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
22
I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life
23
and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
24
And here I was spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.
25
So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.
26
It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
27
The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me
28
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
29
It wasn't all romantic.
30
I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms.
31
I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with.
32
And I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday
33
night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
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I loved it.
35
And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
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Let me give you one example.
37
school.
38
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
39
Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed.
40
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
41
I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations about what makes great typography great.
42
It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
43
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
44
But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.
45
And we designed it all into the Mac.
46
It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
47
If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
48
And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
49
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
50
Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
51
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.
52
You can only connect them looking backwards.
53
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
54
You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
55
Because believing that the dots will connect down the road
56
will give you the confidence to follow your heart even when it leads you off the well-worn path.
57
And that will make all the difference.
58
My second story is about love and loss.
59
I was lucky.
60
I found what I loved to do early in life.
61
Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.
62
We worked hard, and in 10 years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees.
63
We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30.
64
And then I got fired.
65
How can you get fired from a company you started?
66
Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.
67
And for the first year or so, things went well.
68
But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.
69
When we did, our board of directors sided with him.
70
And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.
71
What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
72
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
73
I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
74
I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
75
I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the valley.
76
But something slowly began to dawn on me.
77
I still loved what I did.
78
The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
79
I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
80
And so I decided to start over.
81
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
82
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.
83
It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
84
During the next five years, I started a company named Next, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
85
Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
86
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple,
87
and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
88
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
89
It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
90
Sometimes life's gonna hit you in the head with a brick.
91
Don't lose faith.
92
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
93
You've got to find what you love and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers
94
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life
95
And the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work
96
And the only way to do great work is to love what you do
97
if you haven't found it yet keep looking and don't settle as As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
98
And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
99
So keep looking.
100
Don't settle.
101
My third story is about death.
102
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.
103
It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, if today were the last day of my life,
104
would I want to do what I am about to do today?
105
And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
106
Remembering
107
that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
108
Because almost everything, all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure,
109
these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.
110
Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know
111
to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
112
You are already naked.
113
There is no reason not to follow your heart.
114
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
115
I had a scan at 7.30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
116
I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
117
The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
118
My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
119
It means to try and tell your kids everything
120
you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.
121
It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
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It means to say your goodbyes.
123
I live with that diagnosis all day.
124
Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines,
125
put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
126
I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope,
127
the doctor started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
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I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now.
129
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
130
Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than
131
when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.
132
No one wants to die.
133
Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
134
And yet, death is the destination we all share.
135
No one has ever escaped it.
136
And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life.
137
It's life's change agent.
138
It clears out the old to make way for the new.
139
Right now, the new is you.
140
But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
141
Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.
142
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
143
Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
144
Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
145
And most important, have the courage follow your heart and intuition.
146
They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
147
Everything else is secondary.
148
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the Bibles of my generation.
149
It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
150
This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.
151
It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along.
152
It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools, and great notions.
153
Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.
154
It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.
155
On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
156
Beneath it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish.
157
It was their farewell message as they signed off.
158
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
159
And I have always wished that for myself.
160
And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
161
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
162
Thank you all very much.
163
Because you made it this far in the video, I want to celebrate you.
164
Most people start and don't finish.
165
Most people never actually follow through.
166
Most people say they want something, but they don't ever do the work to actually get it.
167
But you are different.
168
You are special.
169
Believe Nation, you made it here all the way to the end, and I love you.
170
So as a special celebration, if you put a hashtag, believe, down in the comments below,
171
on this video, I will showcase you and celebrate you somewhere on the screen in a future video,
172
because you are awesome.
173
For some more incredible Steve Jobs motivation, check the video right there next to me.
174
I think you'll love it.
175
Continue to believe, and I'll see you there.
176
I don't blame them, I mean it's really tough.
177
And it consumes your life.
178
I mean if you've got a family, and you're in the early days of a company, it's, I can't imagine how one could do it.
179
I'm sure it's been done, but.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Brutally Honest Advice From Steve Jobs”. בסרטון הזה יש 179 משפטים ו-2405 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 14:13. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-169 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| calligraphy שם עצם | /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/ | כתיבה תמה, קליגרפיה |
| pancreas שם עצם | /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/ | לבלב |
| typography שם עצם | /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/ | טיפוגרפיה, טיפוגרפיקה |
| foolish שם תואר | /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ | מטופש, טיפשי |
| serif שם עצם | /ˈsɛɹɪf/ | תָּג |
| typeface שם עצם | /ˈtaɪpˌfeɪs/ | גופן |
| catalogue שם עצם | /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/ | קָטָלוֹג |
| someday תואר הפועל | יום אחד | |
| adoption שם עצם | /əˈdɑp.ʃən/ | אימוץ |
| adopt פועל | /əˈdɑpt/ | אִמֵּץ |
| adventurous שם תואר | /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/ | הרפתקני |
| biopsy שם עצם | /ˈbaɪɑpsi/ | בִּיּוֹפְּסְיָה |
| diagnose פועל | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | אבחן |
| dormitory שם עצם | /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | חדר שינה |
| hitchhike פועל | /ˈhɪt͡ʃhaɪk/ | תָּפַס טְרֶמְפּ, נָסַע בְּטְרֶמְפּ |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| drop out פועל | נָשַׁר |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- So why'd I drop out?
- Do you want him?
- How can you get fired from a company you started?
- I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
- I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was born · should be adopted · being spent |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've ever gotten · haven't found · I've looked |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | someone who I · woman who would · order, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-46 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, didn't, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, adoption /əˈdɑp.ʃən/, proportionally /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənəli/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/, typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/, artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: backward /ˈbækwɚd/, farewell /fɛɹˈwɛl/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: pancreas /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/, backward /ˈbækwɚd/, catalogue /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/, adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/, animate /ˈæn.ə.mət/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/, pancreas /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/, typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/, serif /ˈsɛɹɪf/, tumor /tuː.məɹ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו calligraphy, pancreas, typography.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.