Shadowing Practice: Introduction to Housing - City Beautiful Basics - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
174 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
When I was a kid,
2
I learned that the three things a human needed were food, clothing, and shelter.
3
Shelter, or housing, is still as essential as ever.
4
Yet we seem to have a hard time providing enough high-quality affordable housing to everyone who needs it.
5
We have people who sleep on the streets without it,
6
and people who live with their parents unable to afford their own.
7
This video will discuss several important facets on the topic of housing.
8
We'll touch on home ownership, housing affordability, and homelessness.
9
Let's get started after the bike bell.
10
Let's start by talking about homeownership.
11
The United States is currently a nation of homeowners.
12
About 65% of households own the home they currently live in.
13
That figure isn't true everywhere.
14
College towns often have higher rates of renting than owning due to all the student rentals.
15
But in general, more households own than rent.
16
This is in part due to cultural reasons.
17
Our country has attributed certain values to homeownership,
18
like stability and family, but also for more practical ones.
19
Once a household pays off their home loan,
20
they don't have to pay for that housing anymore,
21
same for taxes and insurance.
22
That's a nice benefit.
23
They also don't have a landlord telling them they can't paint their walls.
24
Finally, homeownership is the primary form of wealth accumulation in the United States.
25
For many, homes are an investment.
26
Renting has its perks too.
27
You won't be burdened by expensive repairs to your home,
28
as your landlord has to take care of that.
29
And it makes your housing situation more flexible if you need to move frequently.
30
and owners tend to have different needs, interests, and demographics.
31
Homeowners are disproportionately wealthy and white.
32
And because there are more homeowners in the US,
33
they tend to have a lot more political power locally.
34
This is part of the reason communities across the United States are dealing with the Not-In-My-Backyard movement, or NIMBYism.
35
Homeowners are concerned about their property values,
36
and it's such an important form of wealth accumulation,
37
they're nervous about any change to their neighborhood that could lower their property values.
38
Now, this is not true for all homeowners everywhere,
39
but I need to bring this up as nimbyism is an extremely powerful movement in local government.
40
Renters, on the other hand,
41
tend to be lower income, more diverse, and younger.
42
Their needs aren't always given the same consideration as homeowners.
43
This is even true at the level of federal housing policy.
44
In the United States, we have federal government policies that assist people with both owning and renting,
45
though it's generally a better deal to be a homeowner.
46
That's because the federal government offers the mortgage interest deduction.
47
This allows homeowners to deduct the amount they pay on mortgage interest from their taxable income,
48
which means they pay less in taxes.
49
It's really a very good deal,
50
and that means that the government forgoes billions of dollars every year,
51
essentially a giveaway to homeowners.
52
There is no such thing as a rent deduction for renters.
53
Low-income renters have a few programs aimed at them,
54
and the most important are housing choice vouchers.
55
These are sometimes known by their old name Section 8 vouchers.
56
Very low-income households can apply for them,
57
and they provide additional money to help pay for the rent on a home.
58
Households still have to pay 30% of their income toward rent.
59
This program has helped millions of households find housing,
60
and the waiting list for this program can get very long.
61
They're getting even longer these days because housing is increasingly unaffordable.
62
Not too long ago, this was a crisis that only existed in major cities,
63
particularly those in coastal cities.
64
Today, it's spreading all over the map.
65
Even those who can afford a house find it challenging to manage the payments.
66
In my home state of California,
67
4 in 10 households live in unaffordable housing.
68
This means that those households are spending more than 30% of their income on their place.
69
It's even worse for renters when compared to owners.
70
More than half of renter households paid over 30% of their income toward housing in 2017.
71
And more than a quarter of renters paid over half their incomes toward housing,
72
a position the Department of Housing and Urban Development considers severely cost-burdened.
73
How did U.S cities get into this crisis?
74
Well, like many issues facing local governments,
75
the answer is complicated and multifaceted.
76
Some of the causes are structural or at the nationwide level,
77
out of the reach of local policy intervention.
78
This includes wages that have not grown as fast as housing costs have,
79
increasing the affordability gap.
80
But there are things governments can do to get out of the crisis,
81
because sometimes the crisis is due in part to local policy decisions.
82
Right now, there's simply not enough new housing being constructed in the United States to keep with population growth and urbanization,
83
the process of people moving into urban areas.
84
There are a few reasons for this.
85
First, people may not want to live next to more housing or higher density housing.
86
In many cities, upwards of 90% of the land area is zoned for single-family homes.
87
Zoning is the practice of assigning land uses and intensities to parcels in a city.
88
Most land in cities is meant for the exclusive production of single-family homes.
89
This is not an efficient use of land,
90
as we see more people moving to cities.
91
And residents of these Most of these single family neighborhoods often
92
do not want to see their zoning change to allow for more housing nearby.
93
This is due in part to something I mentioned earlier in the video, property values.
94
Residents worry that increasing the zoning intensity and housing nearby will have a negative impact on their property values,
95
harming their long-term investment.
96
That said, cities
97
and states across the US are making strides to allow for the construction of more market rate and affordable housing.
98
There's no easy answer, and most communities are using a variety of approaches to attack the problem from all sides.
99
Here are a few key strategies.
100
The first is allowing accessory dwelling in as an area zoned for single-family housing.
101
These are small, attached or detached homes on the same property as a primary residence.
102
These ADUs can be affordable housing,
103
particularly because they're small, and can provide an additional revenue source for the family living in the primary residence.
104
If ADUs, as they're known,
105
are built throughout all the land zoned for single-family,
106
it can significantly increase the number of available housing units.
107
The best thing about these new small homes is they really don't change the character of the neighborhoods.
108
They're often out of sight in backyards,
109
and most neighborhoods have sufficient curbside parking to accommodate the new residents.
110
On a similar topic, cities can encourage the construction of missing middle housing.
111
Missing middle housing is called that because it's housing bigger than an apartment
112
but smaller than a full-size house and is often not built at all in US cities.
113
ADUs are one example of missing middle housing,
114
but so too are duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, and townhomes.
115
Families today come in all different sizes,
116
and having a wide variety of housing types ensures the right fit for everyone.
117
If you're a single person living alone,
118
a 2,000 square foot single family house may may not be appealing,
119
but you might buy it anyway because you want to build equity and take advantage of those wealthy accumulation benefits,
120
even if you hate the idea of mowing a lawn.
121
You might have purchased a townhouse instead with a modest patio out back if that had been an option.
122
And as a bonus, townhomes and other missing middle housing are a more efficient use of land,
123
allowing more people to live closer to jobs,
124
schools, parks, and other amenities.
125
To make missing middle housing happen,
126
we have to zone more land for higher density housing,
127
lower parking requirements, and possibly incentivize construction.
128
There's one last strategy I want to mention in this video,
129
and I want to be clear again that there are so many strategies that I can't mention them all,
130
like allowing sneakers to stay or apartment buildings,
131
allowing owners to split their lots,
132
funding public housing programs, and more.
133
But the last thing I wanted to mention was mixed-use housing.
134
This means zoning more land in our cities for housing to coexist with shops,
135
restaurants, dentist offices, and other compatible uses.
136
This often looks like an apartment building like this.
137
Commercial uses on the ground floor,
138
and a few floors of housing above.
139
This allows people to walk more to their daily destinations,
140
which can reduce emissions and traffic.
141
Many cities have areas zoned for mixed use,
142
but they're only found in the central business districts or near high frequency transit stations.
143
Expanding mixed use zones allows for more housing construction and helps create pleasant walkable neighborhoods.
144
Cities need to encourage the construction of more housing as soon as possible
145
because people in poverty are experiencing the worst of its effects,
146
and many are becoming homeless.
147
It's a myth that all homeless people are addicted to a substance or mentally ill.
148
Increasingly, it's people who can't find housing they can afford.
149
This can be due to an eviction,
150
rising rents, family strife, or some other reason.
151
Some of the homelessness is invisible to us,
152
the person sleeping in their car,
153
or couch surfing between friends and relatives.
154
What can be done?
155
Well, the first one is obvious, build more affordable housing.
156
More available housing will likely lower rents,
157
making housing more attainable to low-income people.
158
One of the most cost-effective ways of addressing homelessness is helping those people who are housing insecure.
159
Now, these are people paying a majority of their income on rent,
160
experiencing overcrowding or can't make rent on a regular basis.
161
One of the most important things we can do for this
162
group is expand the Housing Choice Voucher program I mentioned earlier in the video.
163
It would help people receive a reliable source of rental assistance.
164
This program works well, but is underfunded for the need,
165
particularly in this crisis.
166
Back in 2013, only 26% of eligible households received assistance,
167
and this is likely worse today.
168
Of course, communities should have homeless shelters to temporarily house those experiencing homelessness.
169
But shelters are a short-term solution,
170
and communities should develop pathways to get people in stable, longer-term housing.
171
This can include transitional housing,
172
a halfway step between a short-term shelter and permanent, affordable housing.
173
People experiencing domestic violence or mental illness may need separate transitional housing to support their particular needs.
174
Thank you.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
B242
35 משפטים
Too Many Tourists in Our Town?
American AccentIELTS PrepDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B2155 משפטים
80% of Interior Design Basics in 10 minutes
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
44 משפטים
Is Renting Better Than Buying In The U.S.?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
112 משפטים
Why Americans REFUSE to Dry Clothes Outside
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2371
20 משפטים
Urbanisation and the growth of global cities
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
166 משפטים
The 'Luxury Poverty' Trap, Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
151 משפטים
Real English: Vocabulary to talk about real estate
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B11
16 משפטים
TOPIC 2 Housing 2 #opic
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
114 משפטים
Realities Of Rural Homeownership | What City Life Didn't Prepare Me For
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
380 משפטים
1955 vs 2025, who actually had it better?
American AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
90 משפטים
A Low Maintenance Life | The Art of Simple Living
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
228 משפטים
Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common New York Apartments | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Introduction to Housing - City Beautiful Basics”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: housing, cities, household, income, homeowner. בסרטון הזה יש 174 משפטים ו-1799 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:27. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-190 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| homeowner שם עצם | בַּעַל בַּיִת | |
| accumulation שם עצם | /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ | אגירה, צבירה |
| voucher שם עצם | /ˈvaʊt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ | שׁוֹבָר |
| intensity שם עצם | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/ | עוצמה |
| coexist פועל | /ˌkoʊ.ɪɡˈzɪst/ | התקיים בצוותא |
| strife שם עצם | /stɹaɪf/ | מדון |
| urbanization שם עצם | עִיּוּר | |
| accessory שם עצם | /əkˈsɛs.(ə.)ɹi/ | אקססורי, אַבְזָר |
| parcel שם עצם | /ˈpɑɹsəl/ | חֲבִילָה |
| addict שם עצם | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | מָכוּר |
| attribute שם עצם | /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ | לוואי, לְוַאי |
| surf פועל | /sɝf/ | גלש |
| dentist שם עצם | /ˈdɛntɪst/ | רוֹפֵא שִׁינַּייִם, רופאת שיניים |
| demographic שם תואר | /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ | דֵּמוֹגְרָפִי |
| compatible שם תואר | /kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/ | תואם, מתאים |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- We'll touch on home ownership, housing affordability, and homelessness.
- Let's get started after the bike bell.
- Let's start by talking about homeownership.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | won't be burdened · aren't always given · are sometimes known |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | everyone who needs · people who sleep · people who live |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has attributed · has helped · have not grown |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-18 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו they're, can't, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, myth /mɪθ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, deduction /dɪˈdʌkʃən/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, disproportionately /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət.li/, eviction /ɪˈvɪk.ʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, attainable /əˈteɪ.nə.bəl/, disproportionately /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət.li/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: walkable /ˈwɔːkəbəl/, dwell /dwɛl/, upwards /ˈʌpwɚdz/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, halfway /ˌhæfˈweɪ/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, detach /dɪˈtæt͡ʃ/, multifaceted /ˌmʌl.tiˈfæ.sə.tɪd/, taxable /ˈtæksəbəl/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: voucher /ˈvaʊt͡ʃə(ɹ)/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, rental /ˈɹɛntəl/, disproportionately /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət.li/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו homeowner, accumulation, voucher.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.