Shadowing Practice: Learn English with a Book | Animal Farm | Deep Work Session | Part 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The best way to improve your language skills is through reading stories.
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My name is Eric, I'm an English teacher, and today I'm going to continue to read this very famous book with you.
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This is Animal Farm by George Orwell.
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This video is part two of the series on Animal Farm.
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If you like this video, you can subscribe to the channel, you can comment below letting me know where you're watching from,
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and let's continue our story.
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So in the first part of chapter one, we were introduced to some of the animals on the farm.
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First, we met Mr. Jones and Mrs. Jones, who are the owners of the farm.
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He's the farmer and his wife.
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And we also met some of the animals.
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So Old Major was the one who was speaking here.
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Old Major is the pig, the boar, that is the male pig, who is talking to all the other animals.
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These animals have gathered together to listen to Major's speech.
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And we don't know what
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Major's going to talk about.
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So let's resume.
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We're in chapter one.
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We're on page three now.
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All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door.
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When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began.
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So, all the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven.
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What is tame?
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Tame is the opposite of wild.
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So it's useful to learn pairs of opposites.
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We have tame and we have wild.
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So wild animals are independent.
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They live in nature.
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They live in forests.
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They don't live in people's houses.
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Tame animals are like your cat or your dog.
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They are domesticated animals.
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Ravens are a large black bird, like a crow, except bigger and even more intelligent.
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So here, Moses is a tame raven.
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Ravens are usually not tame, but in this case, Moses is he slept on a perch behind the back door.
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A perch is a place where a bird can sit.
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A perch might look something like this.
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And you have a bird sitting here.
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That's a perch.
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So he's sitting on the perch, sleeping behind the back door.
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When Major saw, they'd all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively.
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Attentively.
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So attentive is our adjective and attent there we could call the root.
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And so attention, right?
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So attentively means you're giving attention to something.
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So just like we're paying attention to this book right now, I'm reading attentively, you're listening and reading attentively.
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He cleared his throat.
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That's clearing your throat.
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So he's getting people's attention and he's ready to begin.
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Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night, but I will come to the dream later.
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Comrades.
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This is an interesting choice of words.
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A comrade is someone who's on your team, who's doing the same thing that you are,
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who you have some connection to.
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So it could be someone who's a part of the same group as you
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or who has the same ideas that you have, but really this is a military term.
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It has a very military connotation,
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but it's also a term in English that is heavily associated with communism.
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So this is a very loaded word.
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If we say that a word is loaded, it has a lot of meaning.
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Loaded has a lot of meaning.
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so there's many ways to understand this book
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and one of them is in a political way we don't need to get into
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that but you will see what Orwell wants to say through this book this at minimum, is a very military term.
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Comrades.
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Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night, but I will come to the dream later.
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Come in his speech, so he will talk about it later.
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I have something else to say first.
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I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer,
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and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.
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So it's a very clear short sentences but here I feel it my duty.
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So this is interesting grammar here.
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I feel it my duty.
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So what is the it?
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Always ask what is it doing.
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So here there's something that's implied to be.
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I feel it to be my duty.
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I feel that my duty is to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.
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So feel is one of these words that can trigger this kind of grammar.
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I feel it my duty.
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So I feel it is my duty is what is implied here or to be.
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So both of those would work.
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It is.
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I feel it is my duty.
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I feel that it is my duty.
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I feel it to be my duty.
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Those are all different ways of saying the same thing.
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and to pass on that's a phrasal verb to pass on
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which means to transfer to hand over to give to especially the next generation
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so a grandfather might pass on information to his granddaughter
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or a mother could pass on some tradition in the family to her children.
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So pass on such wisdom as I have acquired.
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So here such goes with as I have acquired.
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That's telling us what this wisdom is.
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It's the wisdom that he's gotten.
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Such here is like whatever wisdom that is, such wisdom as I have acquired.
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Acquired is just a fancier way of saying gotten, gotten.
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In British English, got.
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Let's talk about that for a second.
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You have get, got, got.
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That's British English.
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In America, we keep the older third form, gotten, gotten.
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And notice as well that when I say this, something happens in the pronunciation.
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Gotten.
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Gotten.
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Where's the T?
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Where's the T?
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Gotten.
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Gotten.
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You can hear that in words like button, mountain.
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And these are normal changes in pronunciation in North America.
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That's not just my accent.
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That's many, many people in North America.
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You might hear people say gotten, gotten with a r sound, which is a d sound, basically.
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Gotten.
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But many, many people would say gotten, gotten.
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And we'll come back to that.
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We'll come back to that pronunciation.
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But Here, get, got, got in UK English, or get, got, gotten in the US.
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Orwell was from England, so the language of this book is more British.
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But of course, my accent is a general
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North American accent because I am from Canada.
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I have had a long life.
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I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall.
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And I think that I may say
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that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living.
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It is about this that I wish to speak to you.
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So he's had a lot of time as he lay alone in his stall.
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His stall is his room as an animal.
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It's not really a room, but that's where animals sleep and where they live in the barn is called a stall.
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And I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this Earth.
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So notice here, this is a cultural point as well as a linguistic point,
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I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living.
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So he's saying he understands.
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This is a very confident statement.
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I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as, as good as any animal now living.
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So because this is so strong, this statement, I understand it as well as everybody else.
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He softens it by saying, I think, and I may say.
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This is something
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that we'll see in this book quite often is using words
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to soften what we say in order not to seem quite as confident, even if we are confident.
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It's part of British culture, it's part of Canadian culture too, and America as well sometimes.
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And again, wish here means want.
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Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours?
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Let us face it, our lives are miserable,
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laborious and short the nature of this life of ours this is not nature like the forests
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and the mountains and the rivers
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and the trees this is the nature of something specific
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so the nature of something specific is what it is
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so i have a nature you have a nature
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it's it's who we are it's the deepest way of thinking
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about what something really is what is the nature of life how can we understand
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or speak about life what is the character of life of this life of ours
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let us face it our lives are miserable miserable laborious and short miserable.
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Miserable could mean sad.
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We could think of it that way, but it's more than that.
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It's something like pitiable.
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Pitiable.
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Let's go miserable.
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Sad.
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Pitiable.
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We can have pity on this thing.
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Not good.
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Miserable.
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Not good laborious.
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You can see the word labor in there.
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So if something's laborious, it involves a lot of work.
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Let us.
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Let us.
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Let us is also written as let's.
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So we should do this.
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If I say, let's go or let's read.
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I'm saying, let us read, as in we should read.
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So he's saying, we need to accept this fact.
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Life is miserable, laborious, and short.
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We are born.
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We are given just so much food as we'll keep the breath in our bodies.
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And those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength.
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There's a semicolon there.
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We'll use that as our division.
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So let's go back.
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Just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies.
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So just here means only, only as much food as is needed to keep us alive,
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to keep the breath in our bodies.
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Breath is breathing, right?
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A breath is and you can hear that here breath has a sound.
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That's a like this, an unvoiced TH sound, but if I add the E,
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we would have breathe, which would have the VVV sound.
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Those are two different sounds.
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It's an interesting thing to study for pronunciation.
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I would recommend that you look at that, the difference between breath and breathe, and really think about those two different TH sounds.
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Many people don't know English actually has two different TH sounds go
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and check that out so and those of us who are capable of it what's the it
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okay we need to see what comes next
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that's going to tell us are forced to work to the
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last atom of our strength those who are capable of work of doing work to the last atom of our strength.
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An atom being one of the smallest units of analysis of the universe.
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So we use all of our strength.
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And the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end, we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty.
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So at the very moment, very instant, that usefulness, of course, You can see usefulness.
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If something's useful, you can use it.
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Of course, usefulness is the noun.
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So at that moment, when we are not useful anymore, we could add a comma there, which could help us to understand that.
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We are slaughtered.
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Slaughtered.
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Slaughtered.
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Both pronunciations would be fine.
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With hideous cruelty. So, slaughtered.
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that is cut apart.
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To slaughter an animal is to kill it and cut it into pieces.
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To kill and cut up into pieces.
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So if an animal is going to be eaten, it's cut up into pieces.
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It is slaughtered.
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We could add the word butcher there for the cut up part, but slaughtering usually entails the cutting up as well.
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With hideous cruelty, hideous is ugly.
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And in this sense, it's not ugly in terms of the way something looks.
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It's ugly in terms of the morality, the ethics, because we have the word cruelty.
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Cruelty is about being extremely unkind.
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Extremely unkind.
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No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old.
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So leisure is free time.
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Leisure is another way to say it.
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Both are fine.
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So after one year, The animals are not free anymore
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No animal in England is free
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The life of an animal is misery and slavery
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That is the plain truth
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So if we look here
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We've got misere
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This goes way back into Latin But we can look at it here
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Miserable This has to do with pity again
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So something is so sad, so unfortunate that we can pity it.
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So misery is a strong kind of unhappiness.
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Misery.
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But is this simply part of the order of nature?
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So this here connects back to what we've said here.
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Is that part of nature, the order of nature?
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Is it because this land of ours is so poor
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that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it.
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So again, the it here is the misery and slavery of the animals.
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It's so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to afford to.
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So afford today usually is just used with an infinitive,
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like to afford to buy something, like a pen or something, means you have enough money to buy the thing.
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Or it could be, I can afford the pen, means I have enough money to buy the pen.
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But afford is not always money.
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You can afford time.
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And so if you think about that, can the land give a decent life to those who dwell upon it?
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What is dwelling?
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To dwell is to live,
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to inhabit, live in a place, to dwell.
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There's other meanings, but this is the meaning here.
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Those who dwell upon it.
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Upon, just an older word for on.
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So is the misery and slavery of animals just because the land is poor?
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It's of poor quality?
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No, comrades, a thousand times no. The soil of England is fertile.
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Its climate is good.
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It is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it.
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The soil.
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Soil is like...
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Dirt.
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Well, it is.
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It is.
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But dirt has a slightly more negative connotation.
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So soil is more positive for growing things in the soil.
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Dirt would be, you know, I have some dirt under my fingers.
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I should go wash my hands.
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My hands are clean.
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But you see what I mean.
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Dirt is a little more negative.
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Fertile means it can produce food.
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Its climate is good.
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It is capable of affording food.
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There's afford again in that other sense.
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This is not about money.
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It's about providing food.
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In abundance, so a lot.
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Abundance is when there's a lot of something to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabited.
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So greater number than now inhabited.
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So the land is not poor.
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It's the opposite.
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It could produce a lot more food, so much more food.
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And so it could have a much larger number of animals on it,
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enormous is a word for big, so this is great, something like much.
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You could think of that as much, much, much greater, much, much greater.
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This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, of course a dozen, is 12, right?
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12. A dozen horses, 20 cows,
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hundreds of sheep, and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining.
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Dignity would be something that's difficult to define, really.
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Dignity is that this person is respected and respects themselves.
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That's the best way to think about that.
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Dignity is respecting yourself and doing what you know is good, that looks good to others and feels right to you,
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dignity, almost beyond our imagining.
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Why then do we continue in this miserable condition?
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Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labor is stolen from us by human beings.
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because almost everything that we work for, the produce of our labor, is stolen from us by human beings.
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Human beings.
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There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems.
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It is summed up in a single word, man.
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To sum up is to summarize.
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To sum up, to summarize.
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To sum up. To summarize.
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Man.
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So man here, we could also say mankind or humanity.
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Humanity is the more common word these days.
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All people.
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All people.
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Man is the only real enemy we have.
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Remove man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.
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Abolished here means, let's say destroyed.
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Let's say destroyed.
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This is in a legal sense.
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Usually you could abolish a law.
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For example, you could abolish a regime.
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Man is the only creature that consumes without producing.
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So let's notice something about the language here.
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English has a lot of synonyms,
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a lot of synonyms, and so our choices with the words we use change the nuances,
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the flavor of what we say.
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And the choice to say consumes without producing of these Latinate words gives this a more political feeling.
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Political or scientific or political science really consumes without producing or economics for that matter.
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My point is these are very specific slightly more academic terms.
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So you could say that uses without making that would be the same thing.
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Consumes could be eating or just using something.
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So man is the only creature that consumes without producing.
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He does not give milk.
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He does not lay eggs.
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He is too weak to pull the plow.
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He cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits.
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Yet he is lord of all the animals.
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plow.
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So this, let's say it sounds like that, plau.
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In American English, it's spelled like that.
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What is it?
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What is it?
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A plow is the farm implement, the tool that breaks up the ground.
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So in these days, an ox, that is a male cow,
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might pull a plow or a horse might pull a plow through the field and break up the ground.
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Machines do this now.
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In many places, machines do this now.
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But pulling the plow is plowing.
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Yet he is lord of all the animals.
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So here yet could have two meanings.
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But the meaning that it has here is but.
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Beauty, but.
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But he's lord of the animals.
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Remember that yet has two main meanings.
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One is still, as in continuing to be.
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Like I am yet talking to you.
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It's an old, old way of saying, I'm still talking to you.
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I'm still talking.
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But here, yet means but.
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But he is lord of all the animals.
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This is an interesting choice of words.
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Lord of all the animals.
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This sounds almost religious or medieval.
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Lord is not a common word in English anymore.
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It is used by religious people when they speak about God.
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It is used in medieval movies to talk about the king.
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This is not a very common word in English anymore.
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So it's an interesting choice, lord.
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Yet he is lord of all the animals, but he's king of all the animals.
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He sets them to work.
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He gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving and the rest he keeps for himself.
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So the bare minimum, that's a useful phrase, the bare minimum.
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It's the ultimate minimum, ultimate minimum, the minimum of the minimum, the bare minimum, that will prevent them from starving.
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Starving would be dying from hunger.
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The rest he keeps for himself.
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Our labor tills the soil, our dung fertilizes it, and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin.
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To till the soil is another way of talking about plowing.
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A farmer could tell me if there's a difference, but we would say they're synonyms.
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To till, to till the soil, to till the dirt, the ground, to break the ground.
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Our dung fertilizes it.
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Dung is poo or poop, dung.
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So what animals leave behind them.
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It fertilizes it.
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Let's break that up.
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Fertilize.
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Remember the word fertile up here?
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I'm saying fertile.
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You can say fertile.
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Both are correct.
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So then fertilize is to make fertile.
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The dung of animals makes the ground produce more plants.
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It's good for the ground.
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And yet, this is but, right?
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Again, yet can mean but.
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And yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin.
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bare skin bare means naked bare naked
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naked you cows
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that I see before me how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year before
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in front of in front of With words like before and below,
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take away the B and think about it.
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Before.
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Below.
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If we take away the B, well below is low.
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Okay, that makes sense.
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It's Under something beneath something below Before. For.
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Think about forward.
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Forward.
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And if you break that, word means moving in a direction.
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I can go forward.
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I can go backward.
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Four is in front of us.
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Think about your forehead.
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It's on the front of your head, above your eyes.
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Right? So for.
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Before.
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Below.
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Oh, okay.
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You cows that I see in front of me, how many thousands of gallons of milk?
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A gallon is a unit of measure used in some countries, especially America or in Britain as well, a gallon of milk.
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So it's a certain quantity of milk, much larger than a liter of milk have you given during this last year?
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And what has happened to that milk, which should have been breeding up sturdy cows?
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Okay, so what has happened to that milk?
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Okay, that's easy.
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What has happened to that milk?
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But that milk, let's find out more about the milk,
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which, the milk, which should have been breeding up sturdy cows.
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Calves.
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Notice the L is silent.
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Calves.
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Calves.
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These are baby cows.
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Very cute.
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Baby cows.
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Calves.
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Silent L.
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Just like salmon.
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Salmon right?
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There's no L in salmon.
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There's lots of silent L's in English.
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Calves, salmon.
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Sturdy is strong.
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So what about should have been breeding up?
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Well, this is actually quite a verbal construction here.
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Wow.
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That's all one thing.
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So breeding up is raising.
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When we're speaking of animals, raising, or bringing up.
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If we speak about children, we usually use the term bringing up. So should have been.
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This is some very, very important grammar.
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Very, very important.
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What does this mean?
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Should have been doing this thing.
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Should have been this is a judgment about the past.
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The milk was for babies.
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It wasn't for humans, but it wasn't used for babies.
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So this is something that you can call a contra -factual.
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Because this is not what happened.
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It didn't get used for breeding up sturdy calves, for raising strong babies.
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It was used for humans.
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Humans took the milk.
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So that's a really important thing to recognize every time you see should have been,
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could have been, might have been, may have been, you're looking at a special kind of grammar.
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It's not always contrafactual, but it often is, very often is.
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So that's a kind of grammar that you should study because my students have trouble with this because it's difficult.
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It's difficult.
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So take some time for should have been, might have been, may have been.
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Every drop of it, every drop of the milk has gone down the throats of our enemies.
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That's interesting.
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He's calling the humans their enemies.
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It's very important for this book and you hens,
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female chickens, female chickens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year?
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And how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens?
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Chickens lay eggs or hens, I should say, lay eggs and many of those eggs hatched.
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So hatching is when an egg is broken open and And a chick comes out.
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A chick is a baby chicken.
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The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men.
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And you, Clover, where are those four foals you bore who should have been the support and pleasure of your old age?
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A foal, again, is a baby horse we saw this last time we saw this on a previous page right here
471
because Clover had lost her figure after her fourth foal.
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And so here, Clover, where are those four foals?
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Where are they?
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Where are they?
475
You bore.
476
So this is one way of speaking about giving birth.
477
Giving birth.
478
So to bear is to carry, but especially at the end of the pregnancy, it can be to give birth.
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It can reference the pregnancy and the end of the pregnancy.
480
Who should have been?
481
Should have been.
482
There it is again.
483
There it is again.
484
Another contrafactual.
485
Another contrafactual.
486
So my question to you, were the foals the support and pleasure of Clover's old age?
487
No. They should have been, but they were not.
488
This is a judgment about the past, about what was right in the past,
489
not about what actually happened.
490
Should have been the support and pleasure of your old age.
491
What happened to them?
492
Each was sold at a year old you will never see one of them again.
493
In return for your four confinements and all your labor in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?
494
Confinement is an older way to speak about the end time of a pregnancy
495
when a woman or an animal is not able to do anything
496
Of course, women can do a lot of things right up until labor,
497
but for animals, they're restricted at the end so that they are extremely safe before they have the child or the baby.
498
In this case, a foal.
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A foal.
500
And all your labor in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations?
501
So, bear here is like minimum.
502
Rations are the food that is given out to someone.
503
And a stall.
504
Again, that's their kind of room or their area.
505
And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span.
506
A span is a distance.
507
So there's a span between my hands right now.
508
What does a bridge do?
509
A bridge goes over a span.
510
There's a gap.
511
You think of it like gap.
512
It's not exactly the same, but think of it like gap.
513
So here this is talking about time.
514
A span of time is more like a distance.
515
Distance.
516
Maybe that's a better way to think about it, is distance.
517
Their natural length.
518
Their natural length.
519
So we can't, the animals are saying they can't live their full lives.
520
For myself, I do not grumble.
521
That is complain.
522
Grumbling is grumbling is kind of low complaining like that for I am one of the lucky ones.
523
I'm 12 years old and have had over 400 children.
524
Wow.
525
Such is the natural life of a pig, but no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end.
526
Again, cruel is very unkind.
527
You young porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year.
528
A porker is a pig which is raised for food.
529
Of course, pork is when a pig is eaten as food.
530
It's called pork.
531
Each one of you, every one of you will scream your lives out.
532
Scream your lives out.
533
So scream something out.
534
He's just saying you will really, really scream.
535
Really, really scream at the block.
536
The block is where they kill the animals.
537
So there's the pig on the block.
538
To that horror we all must come.
539
Cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone.
540
Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate.
541
Fate, destiny.
542
You, boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker,
543
who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds.
544
The knacker, you don't need to remember this.
545
It's only really for farming.
546
A knacker is someone who buys very, very old animals, and they kill them.
547
And they use the parts of the animals.
548
They'll boil you down for the foxhounds.
549
A hound is a dog.
550
Those of you who speak German will recognize Hund in hound.
551
Foxhounds are hunting dogs.
552
They kill foxes.
553
As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick around their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.
554
Wow.
555
So this is very, very dark, very, very dark what's happening here.
556
He's telling them, Old Major is telling all the animals, bad stuff happens to us animals.
557
Is it not crystal clear then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings?
558
Tyranny is cruel rule.
559
So let's say cruel, that is very unkind, control.
560
So this comes from the word tyrant.
561
Tyrant, which is a word for someone who is a despot, is a ruler, is a king,
562
or could be any kind of powerful person who is very cruel in their control. So tyranny.
563
Notice the word spring here.
564
Spring has this idea of coming from something.
565
So if you have, for example, let's say we have something in nature here.
566
This is the ground and you've got water coming out of the ground and flowing.
567
That's a spring.
568
A spring where there's water naturally in the ground is a spring.
569
So to spring is to come out, to spring forth, to jump out.
570
It means jump.
571
And that's why spring, the season of spring, is called spring because the plants jump out again.
572
So spring can mean jump.
573
Only get rid of man and the produce of our labor would be our own.
574
Almost overnight, we would become rich and free. So produce.
575
It's useful to compare nouns and verbs which are said differently but spelled the same way.
576
So you have the verb produce and you have the noun produce or produce.
577
The difference is where the stress is.
578
Produce is the verb and produce is the noun.
579
So produce is another word for product.
580
Product.
581
The product of our labor would be our own.
582
Almost overnight we become rich and free.
583
What then must we do?
584
why.
585
So here why is just saying it's an exclamation.
586
This is not a question.
587
That's not a question.
588
It doesn't mean why.
589
It's saying why.
590
Well, so we must work night and day, body and soul for the overthrow of the human race.
591
Overthrow, you can see what that is.
592
overthrow to throw over to topple.
593
This or that is my message to you, comrades.
594
Rebellion!
595
Rebellion.
596
I do not know when that rebellion will come.
597
It might be in a week or in a hundred years,
598
but I know as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet that sooner or later justice will be done.
599
rebellion.
600
So let's see.
601
So rebellion is when people rebel, when they want to change the state that they're in.
602
They want to change things, change the government, or a teenager might rebel against their parents.
603
That's another kind of rebellion.
604
They want to do things differently than their parents want them to do.
605
So that's to rebel, to be a rebel.
606
And that is another of those pairs like produce and produce.
607
So to rebel and a rebel.
608
So, to rebel, a rebel.
609
Compare, to produce, produce.
610
Do you notice it's the same pattern?
611
It's the same pattern.
612
So, to produce is the verb.
613
To rebel is the verb.
614
So, the stress is on the second syllable.
615
Re -bel, rebel.
616
And then the noun, rebel or produce.
617
First syllable.
618
So the straw, as we saw last time, is the dried grasses beneath animals.
619
Hay is what they eat.
620
Straw is what they sleep on.
621
Sooner or later, justice will be done.
622
So to do justice is to make the right thing happen.
623
Fix your eyes on that.
624
So fix can mean secure.
625
secure as a verb, to fix something, to secure or fasten.
626
When you're on a plane, they tell you to fasten your seatbelt.
627
You could also say that you're fixing your seatbelt.
628
Fix does not always mean repair.
629
Fix does not always mean repair.
630
So put your eyes on that.
631
fasten your eyes to that make sure you're looking at
632
that on that the rebellion is what he's saying the
633
that is the rebellion comrades throughout the short remainder of your lives
634
and above all pass on this message of mine to those who come after you
635
so that future generations shall carry on the struggle until it is victorious.
636
So throughout is just through, during, for the whole of,
637
the short remainder, what remains of your lives.
638
And above all, pass on, that is transfer, give to, this message of mine, to those who come after you.
639
So the children, so that future generations shall carry on.
640
That is continue.
641
Very important phrasal verb.
642
Keep calm and carry on.
643
The struggle until it is victorious.
644
Victorious until there is victory.
645
Victory.
646
So the struggle, the difficult time, the struggle, the work that's being done, in a difficult way.
647
So we have come to page six and we're going to continue.
648
Of course, if this video gets enough likes and enough comments and people are happy with what I'm doing here, comment below.
649
Let me know if you have any questions.
650
I would be happy to answer those questions.
651
And if you have any ideas for books I can read here on the channel
652
or different ways you'd like me to teach, please tell me.
653
Please tell me.
654
I hope you have a lovely day and I will see you next time for part three.
655
Bye for now.
הורד אפליקציה
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Learn English with a Book”. בסרטון הזה יש 655 משפטים ו-5707 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 48:34. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-118 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| comrade שם עצם | /ˈkɑmɹæd/ | חָבֵר, חֲבֵרָה |
| miserable שם תואר | /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/ | אֻמְלָל, מסכן |
| rebel שם עצם | /ˈɹɛb.əl/ | מוֹרֵד |
| rebellion שם עצם | /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/ | מֶרֶד |
| cow שם עצם | /kaʊ/ | פָּרָה |
| foal שם עצם | /foʊl/ | סייח |
| verb שם עצם | /vɝb/ | פועל, פֹּעַל |
| slaughter שם עצם | /ˈslɔːtə/ | שְׁחִיטָה |
| wisdom שם עצם | /ˈwɪzdəm/ | חוכמה \ חָכְמָה |
| plough שם עצם | /plaʊ/ | מַחְרֵשָׁה |
| calf שם עצם | /kɑːf/ | עגל, עֵגֶל |
| stall שם עצם | /stɔːl/ | תָּא |
| acquire פועל | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | רכש, קיבל |
| scream פועל | /skɹiːm/ | צרח |
| dirt שם עצם | /dɝt/ | עָפָר |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| come out פועל | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | יָצָא |
| go down פועל | ירד |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- We're on page three now.
- That's telling us what this wisdom is.
- Why then do we continue in this miserable condition?
- What then must we do?
- Do you notice it's the same pattern?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have gathered · have heard · have acquired |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | were introduced · are domesticated · is heavily associated |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | one who was · sound, which is · those who are |
| עצה עם “should” should + verb — לומר מה כדאי או מומלץ לעשות | should do · should read · should go |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-46 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, you're, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/, beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, breathe /bɹiːð/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: abolish /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, ration /ˈɹæʃən/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, pitiable /ˈpɪti.əbəl/, connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/, dwell /dwɛl/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: comrade /ˈkɑmɹæd/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, atom /ˈætəm/, gallon /ˈɡælən/, salmon /ˈsæmən/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: comrade /ˈkɑmɹæd/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, rebel /ˈɹɛb.əl/, rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/, scream /skɹiːm/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו comrade, miserable, rebel.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.