Shadowing Practice: When Did Ancient Humans Start Drinking Alcohol? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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102 משפטים
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Right now, you're probably drunk or about to get drunk, and the last time you had a drink, beer, wine, whatever, you probably just drank it and forgot about it.
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But what you did is one of the oldest things a human being can do.
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It's older than writing, older than farming.
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It actually predates humans' beings entirely.
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Because our relationship with alcohol doesn't start a few thousand years ago with the invention of wine or the first brewery.
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It starts about 10 million years ago, on a forest floor in Africa, with a small primate picking up a piece of fruit that had been sitting on the ground for too long.
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In 2014, a biologist at UC Berkeley named Robert Dudley published a book called The Drunken Monkey.
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His argument was simple.
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When fruit falls from a tree and sits on the ground, the natural sugars inside it start breaking down.
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Yeast gets in.
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Fermentation begins.
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And the fruit starts producing small amounts of ethanol.
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And when primates ate that fruit, the ethanol inside it made them feel a little drunk.
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They had no idea why, but it felt good, so they kept coming back for more.
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Over millions of years, our ancestors didn't just tolerate alcohol, they evolved to look for it.
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So by the time ancient humans actually showed up, the taste for it was already built in.
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It was there long before anyone figured out how to make it on purpose.
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The question is, when did they figure that out?
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In 2018, archaeologists were excavating a cave near Haifa, Israel.
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The cave is called Rakafet, and it was used by a group called the Natufians about 13 ,000 years ago.
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Inside, they found stone mortars carved directly into the bedrock.
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When they analyzed the residue left in those mortars, they found traces of wheat and barley that had been soaked, germinated, and left to ferment.
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That's beer, brewed in a cave 13 ,000 years ago.
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Now, here's what makes that finding so important.
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The Natufians were not farmers.
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They hadn't invented agriculture yet.
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But they were still collecting wild grain by hand and hunting animals for meat.
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They didn't grow the barley, they found it.
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But somehow, making beer was important enough that they figured that out first.
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Think about that.
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Because up until this discovery, the story goes like this.
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Humans settled down, started farming, built villages, and then eventually discovered fermentation and started making drinks.
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Alcohol came after civilization, but Roccafet Cave says the opposite.
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These people were brewing while they were still nomadic, and they aren't the only ones.
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About a thousand years later, someone in southeastern Turkey built something enormous.
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At a site called Göbekli Tepe, massive stone pillars, some weighing over ten tons, were arranged in careful circles and carved with images of animals.
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The whole structure was deliberate and complex, and it was built before farming, before pottery, before anyone in the region had a permanent home.
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These were still hunter -gatherers. For years, archaeologists couldn't explain why nomadic people would organize the labor needed to move 10 -ton stones up a hill
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and carve them with precision.
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What would motivate that?
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Then they found large stone vats at the site.
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When they tested the insides, they found chemical traces of fermented grain.
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People were brewing at Gobekli Tepe.
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Not small amounts, enough for large gatherings.
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The current theory is that this site wasn't a home.
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It was a gathering place for ritual and feasting.
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People traveled from across the region, came together, and drank.
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And this raises a question that's been debated for decades.
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Why did humans start farming?
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An archaeobotanist named Patrick McGovern, the leading expert on ancient alcohol in the world, has spent decades arguing that humans didn't start farming to make bread.
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They started farming to make beer.
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And, I couldn't agree more.
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He says that bread requires grinding, kneading, and baking.
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It's a complex process.
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Beer is simpler.
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You soak grain in water, leave it alone, and fermentation happens by itself.
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And the desire to drink would have been a stronger motivator than the desire to eat grain in a slightly different form.
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If he's right, then alcohol isn't something that showed up after humans settled down.
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It might be the reason they settled down in the first place.
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By 7000 BCE, the evidence gets more precise.
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In a Neolithic village called Jiahu in central China, archaeologists found pottery jars containing residue from a fermented drink made of rice, honey, grapes, and hawthorn berries.
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Chemical analysis confirmed the ingredients and the fermentation process.
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This is the oldest confirmed recipe for alcohol anywhere in the world.
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And it wasn't crude, it was a blend—multiple ingredients, carefully chosen and combined.
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Whoever made this knew exactly what they were doing.
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From there, it only grew.
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By the time ancient Egypt came around, beer wasn't something people made for fun.
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It was woven into everything.
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Workers who built the pyramids were paid, in beer, about four to five liters a day.
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That was their actual salary.
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Not coins, not grain, but beer.
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And it made sense, because the water from the Nile was often contaminated and unsafe to drink straight.
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But beer, because of the brewing process, was cleaner.
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So it kept people alive in a way water couldn't.
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Honestly, if you were working in the desert heat
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and someone gave you a choice between a bag of coins or five liters of cold beer, what are you picking?
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Ahem.
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Yeah.
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Same.
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And on top of that, the brewing process added calories and nutrients.
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For a laborer dragging limestone blocks in the desert heat, those extra calories mattered.
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Beer wasn't just a drink.
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It was lunch.
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And then there was the religious side.
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The Egyptians believed beer was created by Osiris and given to humans as a gift.
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It showed up in temple offerings, burial rituals, and medical prescriptions.
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Doctors would mix herbs into beer and prescribe it for everything from stomach problems to infections.
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So one single drink was doing the job of a paycheck, a water filter, a meal, a medicine, and a prayer, all from the same cup.
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So here's the full picture.
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Ten million years ago, your ancestors were drawn to fermented fruit because it helped them find food.
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13 ,000 years ago, they were deliberately brewing in caves before they knew how to farm.
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12 ,000 years ago, they were possibly building the first monuments in human history just to have a place to drink together.
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9 ,000 years ago, they had recipes.
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5 ,000 years ago, entire civilizations were running on it.
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Alcohol didn't come after we built the world we live in.
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There's a real possibility that it's the reason we built it at all.
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Every time you have a drink, you're continuing something that started before your species had a name for itself.
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The process changed, the ingredients improved, the cups got fancier.
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But the impulse is the same one
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that made a small primate reach for a piece of overripe fruit on a forest floor 10 million years ago.
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We just learned how to make it on purpose.
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If you want to dig deeper into any of this, all the research is linked down in the description version.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
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משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “When Did Ancient Humans Start Drinking Alcohol?”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: beer, drink, alcohol, built, farming. This video has 102 sentences and 1202 words to shadow. The speech runs for 6:03. The speaker talks fast, about 199 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| brew verb | /bɹuː/ | To make tea or coffee by mixing tea leaves or coffee beans with hot water. |
| cave noun | /keɪv/ | A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside. |
| grain noun | /ɡɹeɪn/ | The harvested seeds of various grass food crops, especially wheat, maize, rye, barley, and rice. |
| settle verb | /ˈsɛtəl/ | To determine (something which was exposed to doubt or question); to resolve conclusively; to set or fix (a time, an order of succession, etc). |
| ingredient noun | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food. |
| confirm verb | /kənˈfɝm/ | To strengthen; to make firm or resolute. |
| desert noun | /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ | A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland. |
| recipe noun | /ˈɹɛs.ɪ.pi/ | Any set of instructions for preparing a mixture of ingredients. |
| coin noun | /ˈkoɪ̯n/ | A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle. |
| trace noun | /tɹeɪs/ | An act of tracing. |
| ritual noun | /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ | A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts. |
| civilization noun | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical… |
| mortar noun | /ˈmɔːtə/ | A mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks. |
| pottery noun | /ˈpɑtəɹi/ | Fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed. |
| soak verb | /soʊk/ | To be saturated with liquid by being immersed in it. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| settle down verb | To make or become quiet and calm after a period of disturbance or restlessness. | |
| show up verb | To appear, arrive, or attend, especially suddenly or erratically. | |
| break down verb | To stop functioning. | |
| come around verb | /kʌ.məˈɹaʊnd/ | To change one's mind, especially to begin to agree or appreciate what one was reluctant to accept at first. |
| come together verb | /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ | To assemble; to congregate; to combine. |
| figure out verb | To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce. | |
| pick up verb | To lift; to grasp and raise. |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was already built · is called · had been soaked |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | that's been debated · has spent |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 17 contractions and reduced forms, such as didn't, wasn't, couldn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: gathering /ˈɡæð.ɚ.ɪŋ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, ethanol /ˈɛθ.ə.nɑl/, hawthorn /ˈhɔ.θɔɹn/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like brew, cave, grain.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.